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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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Title Page

Contents

Abstract 17

초록 21

Ⅰ. Introduction 22

A. Research Background 22

B. Research Purpose 24

C. Research Significance 25

D. Layout of the Dissertation 26

Ⅱ. Literature Review 29

A. Previous Studies on Conceptual Metaphor 29

1. Metaphorical Mapping 32

2. Metaphorical Entailment 36

B. Previous Studies on Political Discourse 40

1. Conceptual Metaphor and Political Discourse 42

2. Critical Metaphor Analysis and Political Discourse 44

3. Previous Study on Poverty Alleviation Discourse 46

C. Summary 49

Ⅲ. Research Methodology 51

A. Research Questions 51

B. Data Collection 51

1. Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 51

2. Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 52

C. Research Methods and Procedures 53

D. Summary 57

Ⅳ. Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 58

A. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING Metaphor 59

1. BUILDING PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 60

2. FOUNDATION and Metaphorical Expressions 62

B. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE Metaphor 63

1. DISEASE and Metaphorical Expressions 64

2. DIAGNOSE and Metaphorical Expressions 65

3. TREATMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 65

C. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT Metaphor 67

1. ROOT and Metaphorical Expressions 68

2. FRUIT and Metaphorical Expressions 69

3. CULTIVATION and Metaphorical Expressions 69

D. Metaphorical Mappings of CLOTHING Metaphor 71

1. HAT and Metaphorical Expressions 72

E. Metaphorical Mappings of MACHINE Metaphor 72

1. POWER and Metaphorical Expressions 73

2. OPERATION and Metaphorical Expressions 74

F. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY Metaphor 75

1. PATH and Metaphorical Expressions 76

2. OBSTACLE and Metaphorical Expressions 79

3. GUIDE and Metaphorical Expressions 81

4. MOVEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 82

G. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR Metaphor 85

1. WARFARE and Metaphorical Expressions 88

2. WARFARE PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 90

3. OPPONENT and Metaphorical Expressions 93

4. BATTLEFIELD and Metaphorical Expressions 95

5. STRATEGY and Metaphorical Expressions 97

6. WEAPON and Metaphorical Expressions 99

7. WAR OUTCOME and Metaphorical Expressions 100

H. Summary 103

Ⅴ. Metaphors in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 104

A. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING Metaphor 105

1. BUILD PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 106

2. BUILDING PARTS and Metaphorical Expressions 106

B. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE Metaphor 107

1. DISEASE and Metaphorical Expressions 108

2. SYMPTOM and Metaphorical Expressions 109

3. TREATMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 109

C. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT Metaphor 110

1. ROOT and Metaphorical Expressions 110

D. Metaphorical Mappings of CONFINEMENT Metaphor 111

1. CONFINEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 112

2. CONFINING EQUIPMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 113

E. Metaphorical Mappings of CONTAINER Metaphor 114

1. IN/OUT and Metaphorical Expressions 115

2. WELL/TRAP and Metaphorical Expressions 115

F. Metaphorical Mappings of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphor 116

1. SUPERNATURAL BEING and Metaphorical Expressions 117

2. SUPERNATURAL EXPRESSION and Metaphorical Expressions 118

G. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY Metaphor 118

1. PATH and Metaphorical Expressions 120

2. OBSTACLE and Metaphorical Expressions 122

3. GUIDE and Metaphorical Expressions 124

4. MOVEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 125

H. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR Metaphor 129

1. WARFARE and Metaphorical Expressions 131

2. WARFARE PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 132

3. OPPONENT and Metaphorical Expressions 134

4. BATTLEFIELD and Metaphorical Expressions 135

5. STRATEGY and Metaphorical Expressions 137

6. WEAPON and Metaphorical Expressions 138

7. WAR OUTCOME and Metaphorical Expressions 139

I. Summary 142

Ⅵ. Comparison Results 143

A. Similarities and Differences at the General-level 143

1. The Similarities at the General-level 143

2. The Differences at the General-level 145

B. Similarities and Differences at the Specific-level 146

1. The Similarities at the Specific-level 146

2. The Differences at the Specific-level 148

C. Summary 152

Ⅶ. Discussion 154

A. Metaphorical Entailments of the Observed Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 154

1. Metaphorical Entailments of BUILDING Metaphor 155

2. Metaphorical Entailments of DISEASE Metaphor 156

3. Metaphorical Entailments of PLANT Metaphor 156

4. Metaphorical Entailments of MACHINE Metaphor 157

5. Metaphorical Entailments of CONFINEMENT Metaphor 158

6. Metaphorical Entailments of CONTAINER Metaphor 159

7. Metaphorical Entailments of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphor 160

8. Metaphorical Entailments of JOURNEY Metaphor 160

9. Metaphorical Entailments of WAR Metaphor 163

B. The Reasons for the Similarities in the Usage of Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 165

1. Highlighting the Importance and Necessity of Poverty Alleviation 166

2. Highlighting the Exploration and Persistence in Poverty Alleviation 166

3. Highlighting the Effort and Proper Methods in Poverty Alleviation 167

4. Highlighting the Unity and Compliance in Poverty Alleviation 167

C. The Reasons for the Differences in the Usage of Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 168

1. Highlighting the Government Investment and Individual Contribution in Poverty Alleviation in Xi Jinping's Discourse 168

2. Highlighting the Poverty Alleviation Policy in Xi Jinping's Discourse 169

3. Highlighting the Terror of Poverty in Lyndon B. Johnson's Discourse 170

4. Highlighting the Long-term Vision of Poverty Alleviation in Lyndon B. Johnson's Discourse 170

D. Summary 171

Ⅷ. Conclusion 173

A. Summary of Chapters 173

B. Findings 176

C. Limitations 178

D. Implications 179

REFERENCES 180

List of Tables

Table 4-1. Metaphor in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 59

Table 4-2. Distribution of BUILDING Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 60

Table 4-3. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 63

Table 4-4. Distribution of DISEASE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 64

Table 4-5. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 66

Table 4-6. Distribution of PLANT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 67

Table 4-7. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 71

Table 4-8. Distribution of CLOTHING Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 71

Table 4-9. Metaphorical Mappings of CLOTHING in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 72

Table 4-10. Distribution of MACHINE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 73

Table 4-11. Metaphorical Mappings of MACHINE in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 74

Table 4-12. Distribution of JOURNEY Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 76

Table 4-13. PATH Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 77

Table 4-14. OBSTACLE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 79

Table 4-15. GUIDE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 81

Table 4-16. MOVEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 83

Table 4-17. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 85

Table 4-18. Distribution of WAR Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 86

Table 4-19. WARFARE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 88

Table 4-20. WARFARE PROCESS Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 91

Table 4-21. OPPONENT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 94

Table 4-22. BATTLEFIELD Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 96

Table 4-23. STRATEGY Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 97

Table 4-24. WEAPON Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 99

Table 4-25. WAR OUTCOME Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 100

Table 4-26. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 102

Table 5-1. Metaphor in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 104

Table 5-2. Distribution of BUILDING Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 105

Table 5-3. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 107

Table 5-4. Distribution of DISEASE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 108

Table 5-5. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 110

Table 5-6. Distribution of PLANT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 110

Table 5-7. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 111

Table 5-8. Distribution of CONFINEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 112

Table 5-9. Metaphorical Mappings of CONFINEMENT in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 114

Table 5-10. Distribution of CONTAINER Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 114

Table 5-11. Metaphorical Mappings of CONTAINER in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 116

Table 5-12. Distribution of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 117

Table 5-13. Metaphorical Mappings of SUPERNATURAL BEING in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 118

Table 5-14. Distribution of JOURNEY Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 119

Table 5-15. PATH Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 120

Table 5-16. OBSTACLE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 123

Table 5-17. GUIDE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 124

Table 5-18. MOVEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 125

Table 5-19. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 129

Table 5-20. Distribution of WAR Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 130

Table 5-21. WARFARE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 131

Table 5-22. WARFARE PROCESS Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 133

Table 5-23. OPPONENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 134

Table 5-24. BATTLEFIELD Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 136

Table 5-25. STRATEGY Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 137

Table 5-26. WEAPON Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 138

Table 5-27. WAR OUTCOME Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson 's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 140

Table 5-28. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 141

Table 6-1. Comparison of Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 144

Table 6-2. Comparison of JOURNEY Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 149

Table 6-3. Comparison of WAR Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 150

List of Figures

〈Figure 1〉 Metaphorical Mappings of SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE PLANTS 33

〈Figure 2〉 The Relationship Among Source Domain, Aspects of Source, Elements of Aspects, and Rich Knowledge About Elements 37

〈Figure 3〉 The Frequency of Metaphorical Expression WAR in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 54

초록보기

 본문은 중국 국가주석 시진핑과 미국 대통령 존슨이 빈곤에 관한 담화에서 은유를 어떻게 활용했는지에 대해 탐구합니다. 연구 결과, 이 두 정상은 빈곤에 관한 대화에서 다양한 유형의 은유를 사용했습니다. 두 발화에서 공통으로 나타난 건축 은유, 질병 은유, 식물 은유, 여행 은유 및 전쟁 은유 등 다섯 가지 은유를 공유했습니다. 두 정상은 종종 유사한 선택을 했습니다. 그런데 두 유형의 담화에서 나타난 은유 사이에는 중요한 차이가 있음을 관찰했습니다. 의상 및 기계 은유는 시진핑 주석의 담화에서 독특한 특징으로 나타났으며, 제약 은유, 용기 은유 및 초자연적인 존재 은유는 존슨 대통령의 독점적인 은유였습니다. 더 구체적으로, 이러한 차이점은 주로 전쟁 은유의 사용에서 나타났습니다. 시진핑 주석이 사용한 전쟁 은유 중 전략과 과정과 관련된 표현의 수와 빈도가 존슨 대통령의 사용과 비교해 크게 높았습니다. 이러한 은유들의 은유적 의미를 하나하나 분석한 결과, 두 정상은 은유를 통해 빈곤 문제의 중요성과 필요성을 강조함을 발견했습니다. 그들은 시민들에게 자신의 목표를 굳게 지키고 끊임없이 노력하며 적절한 전략을 탐색하고 빈곤과의 싸움 속에서 단결을 유지하는 것을 촉구했습니다. 또한, 그들은 빈곤과의 싸움 중에 국가 계획을 따르고 국가 정책을 지지하는 것을 주장했습니다. 시진핑 주석은 다른 출처나 하위 영역에서 발생한 다양한 은유를 통해 국가와 개인이 빈곤 문제에 대해 맡은 역할의 차이를 설명했습니다. 그는 효과적인 빈곤 극복을 위해 적절한 빈곤 완화 정책을 활용하고 가능한 짧은 시간 내에 빈곤을 근본적으로 해결하는 것을 강조했습니다. 반면에 존슨 대통령은 은유를 사용하여 빈곤의 무서움을 강조하며 미국 국민을 빈곤과의 더 적극적인 싸움으로 동기부여하고, 동시에 빈곤 극복은 종합적인 계획이 필요한 장기적인 목표임을 시사했습니다. 총론적으로, 이 두 국가 리더는 은유를 통해 더 나은 빈곤 작업 설명과 시민을 적극 참여시키기 위한 적절한 선택을 했습니다.

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