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1. 서론 12

2. 야생설치류에 기생하는 털진드기 밀도 및 병원체 조사 17

2.1. 재료 및 방법 17

2.1.1. 채집지역 및 방법 17

2.1.2. 쓰쓰가무시 병원체 검출 20

2.2. 실험결과 22

2.2.1. 털진드기 밀도 및 쓰쓰가무시 병원체 검출 결과 22

3. 털진드기 유행시기 종분포 조사 35

3.1. 재료 및 방법 35

3.1.1. 채집 지역 및 방법 35

3.1.2. 털진드기 표본 제작 및 동정법 38

3.2. 실험결과 39

3.2.1. 털진드기 종분포 39

4. 털진드기 밀도와 환경 요인의 상관관계 분석 47

4.1. 재료 및 방법 47

4.2. 실험결과 50

5. 고찰 54

5.1. 설치류에서 채집한 털진드기 54

5.2. 채집기에서 채집한 털진드기 57

참고문헌 58

ABSTRACT 64

표목차

Table 1. GPS and altitude of collection sites in Paju (2018-2020) 18

Table 2. Nested PCR primer for detecting O. tsutsugamushi 21

Table 3. Nested PCR experimental condition for detecting O. tsutsugamushi 21

Table 4. Species and the number of rodents captured by Sherman traps in Paju(2018-2020) 24

Table 5. Chigger mite index and minimum positive rate in Paju (2018-2020) 25

Table 6. Weight and body sizes of wild rodents for two species in Paju, 2018-2020 26

Table 7. The correlation between the weight and length of Ap. agrarius and the number of chigger mites (Pearson correlation analysis) 27

Table 8. Chigger mite index according to the environment in Paju (2018-2020) 30

Table 9. GPS and altitude of 4 collection sites in Paju (2018-2020) 36

Table 10. The number of chigger mites collected for 12 weeks in 2018 40

Table 11. The number of chigger mites collected for 12 weeks in 2019 41

Table 12. The number of chigger mites collected for 12 weeks in 2020 42

Table 13. Minimum, Maximum, Mean, and Standard Deviation of the number of chigger mites and climate factors in Paju (2018-2020) 51

Table 14. Spearman rank correlation analysis between chigger mite Index (CI) and climate factors (2018-2020) 52

그림목차

Figure 1. No. of domestic Tsutsugamushi patients between 2001 and 2018 15

Figure 2. Tsutsugamushi triangle: Distribution of scrub typhus by O. tsutsugamushi 15

Figure 3. The life cycle of chigger mite (Family Trombiculidae) caused Tsutsugamushi disease 16

Figure 4. The monitoring process of chigger mites collected from rodents 17

Figure 5. Locations to collect rodents from 5 sites (rice and vegetable field, waterway, reservoir, and hill) 18

Figure 6. Landscapes of the chigger mite collection area using Sherman live trap 19

Figure 7. Species ratio and chigger mite index for small mammals collected in Paju (2018-2020) 28

Figure 8. Chigger mite index from wild rodents collected in Paju 29

Figure 9. Total number of chigger mites from wild rodents collected in Paju 29

Figure 10. The ratios of wild small mammals collected in five different environments (2018-2020) 31

Figure 11. Total number of chigger mites from wild rodents collected in 5 different environments (2018-2020) 32

Figure 12. Chigger mite index from wild rodents collected in 5 different environments (2018-2020) 32

Figure 13. Gel electrophoresis of PCR products of O. tsutsugamushi (375bp size) and Sanger sequencing result of O. tsutsugamushi 33

Figure 14. Phylogenetic tree of O. tsutsugamushi based on the 56-kDa TSA gene. Analyses were conducted using the neighbor-joining method and 1000 bootstrap replicates. 34

Figure 15. Sticky chigger mite traps developed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) 35

Figure 16. Locations to collect chigger mites from 4 sites (rice and vegetable field, waterway, grassland) 36

Figure 17. Landscapes of the chigger mite collection area using sticky traps 37

Figure 18. Photographs of chigger mites seen under an optical microscope (x100) 38

Figure 19. Population dynamics of chigger mite in Paju (2018-2020) 43

Figure 20. Population dynamics of chigger mites using sticky chigger mite traps (2018) 43

Figure 21. Population dynamics of chigger mites using sticky chigger mite traps (2019) 44

Figure 22. Population dynamics of chigger mites using sticky chigger mite traps (2020) 44

Figure 23. Species ratios of chigger mites in Paju using sticky chigger mite traps (2018-2020) 45

Figure 24. The ratios of chigger mites collected in five different environments using sticky chigger mite traps (2018-2020) 46

Figure 25. Monthly time series of temperature(℃) from 2018-2020 48

Figure 26. Monthly time series of relative humidity(%) from 2018-2020 48

Figure 27. Monthly time series of precipitation(mm) from 2018-2020 49

Figure 28. Monthly time series of wind speed(m/s) from 2018-2020 49

Figure 29. Monthly time series of sunshine duration(hr) from 2018-2020 49

Figure 30. Spearman rank correlation coefficient and scatter plots between chigger mite index (CI) and climate factors, 2018-2020 53

Figure 31. Positive rate of tsutsugamushi and the number of tsutsugamushi patients in Paju (2018 and 2019) 56

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