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대표형(전거형, Authority) | 생물정보 | 이형(異形, Variant) | 소속 | 직위 | 직업 | 활동분야 | 주기 | 서지 | |
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Title Page
Contents
ABSTRACT 14
I. INTRODUCTION 17
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 23
1. Isolation of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes 23
2. Mitochondrial morphometric analyses 24
3. Western blotting 25
4. Nuclear extraction 26
5. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 27
6. MicroRNA transfection 28
7. Real-time PCR 29
8. Measuring intracellular calcium levels 29
9. Luciferase reporter assay 30
10. Measurement of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS 30
11. Cell counting assay 31
12. Annexin V/PI assay 32
13. Myocardial infarction model 32
14. Immunofluorescence 34
15. TUNEL assay 35
16. Local oligonucleotide delivery into the cardiomyocytes 36
17. Left ventricular catheterization 36
18. Statistical analysis 37
III. RESULTS 38
1. Changes of autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis and bnip3 in ischemic myocardium 38
2. Identification of specific miRNA targeting bnip3 40
3. Time-dependent alteration of bnip3 expression and miRNA-182 level by hypoxic condition time-dependently 42
4. Specific inhibition of bnip3 expression in mitochondrial fraction by miRNA-182 44
5. Regulation of the apoptotic signal pathway and enhanced of cell survival in cardiomyocytes by miRNA-182 46
6. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation by miRNA-182 48
7. MiRNA-182 suppresses calcium overload in hypoxic cardiomyocytes 50
8. Specific inhibition of bnip3 by miRNA-182 52
9. Selection of specific small molecules to induce endogenous miRNA-182 level and inhibit bnip3 expression 54
10. Kenpaullone, an inducer of miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes 57
11. Reduction of apoptosis in hypoxic cardiomyocytes by kenpaullone via down-regulation of apoptotic signal pathway 59
12. Inhibition of ROS production in cardiomyocytes by kenpaullone 62
13. Reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation by kenpaullone 64
14. Expression of miRNA-182 by kenpaullone and other GSK-3β inhibitors 66
15. Regulation of phosphorylated GSK-3β at serine 9 in cardiomyocytes 68
16. Regulation of β-catenin as a transcription factor in kenpaullone-treated cardiomyocytes 70
17. Regulation of transcription factor sp-1 but not E2F3 72
18. Regulation of β-catenin in the nucleus and miRNA-182 level by extraneous kenpaullone treatment with sp-1 and β-catenin inhibitors. 74
19. Confirmation of induced miRNA-182 and bnip3 expression by kenpaullone 77
20. Reduction of the fibrosis area in in vivo I/R model 79
21. Inhibition of apoptotic cells in in vivo I/R model 81
22. Regulation of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis in in vivo I/R model 83
23. Induction of microvessel formation in in vivo I/R model 85
24. Induction of cardiac regeneration and connexin 43 for gap junction 87
25. Enhancement of cardiac functions in in vivo I/R model 89
IV. DISCUSSION 92
V. CONCLUSION 105
References 107
ABSTRACT (in Korean) 122
Figure 1. The expression of autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis and bnip3 in in vivo ischemic myocardium. 39
Figure 2. Selection of miRNA-182 possibly targeting bnip3. 41
Figure 3. Opposite effect on miRNA-182 levels and bnip3 expression in response to time-dependent hypoxic conditions. 43
Figure 4. Effect of miRNA-182 on bnip3 expression in the mitochondrial fractions of cardiomyocytes. 45
Figure 5. Effect of miRNA-182 on the apoptosis signal pathway and cell survival. 47
Figure 6. Alterations of mitochondrial morphology by miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes. 49
Figure 7. Effect of miRNA-182 on calcium overload in cardiomyocytes. 51
Figure 8. Inhibition of bnip3 by miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes. 53
Figure 9. Induction of endogenous miRNA-182 levels and inhibition of bnip3 expression by kenpaullone. 55
Figure 10. Role of kenpaullone to induce miRNA-182 levels in cardiomyocytes. 58
Figure 11. Effects of miRNA-182 on apoptosis in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. 60
Figure 12. Suppression of ROS production by miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes. 63
Figure 13. Alterations of mitochondrial morphology by kenpaullone in cardiomyocytes. 65
Figure 14. Induction of miRNA-182 levels by SB216763 and kenpaullone in cardiomyocytes. 67
Figure 15. Increase of phosphorylation at serine 9 of GSK-3β by kenpaullone in cardiomyocytes. 69
Figure 16. Increase of β-catenin in the nucleus by kenpaullone in cardiomyocytes. 71
Figure 17. Effect of kenpaullone on sp-1 expression and miRNA-145 and -210. 73
Figure 18. Induction of β-catenin in the nucleus by kenpaullone regardless of sp-1 and β-catenin inhibitors. 75
Figure 19. Effect of kenpaullon to inhibit bnip3 expression and to increase of miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes. 78
Figure 20. Reduction of myocardial fibrosis by miRNA-182 and kenpaullone in I/R heart model. 80
Figure 21. Decrease of apoptotic cells by miRNA-182 and kenpaullone in I/R heart model. 82
Figure 22. Role of kenpaullone in autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis and bnip3 in I/R heart model. 84
Figure 23. Effect of miRNA-182 and kenpaullone on microvessel density in I/R heart model. 86
Figure 24. Effects of miRNA-182 and kenpaullone on connexin 43 expression in I/R heart model. 88
Figure 25. Enhanced cardiac functions by miRNA-182 and kenpaullone in I/R heart model. 90
Figure 26. Schematic figure of the study about the mechanism of kenpaullone to increase of miRNA-182 in cardiomyocytes. 106
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