Title Page

Contents

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 8

Abstract 10

CHAPTER Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 11

1.1. Overview of our Project 11

1.2. Visible Light Communication 15

1.2.1. The modality of visible light communication 17

1.2.2. Assessing of Visible Light Communication 18

1.2.3. Components of VLC 20

1.2.4. Advantages of VLC 21

1.2.5. Complications with the VLC system 22

1.2.6. Benefits of VLC 22

1.2.7. Modeling of an indoor visible light communication system 23

1.2.8. Visible Light Communication in Interior 24

1.3. Light Emitting Diode 25

1.3.1. Light Sources used in VLC 26

1.3.2. Various Types of LEDs 29

1.4. Machine Learning 30

1.5. Problem Statement 32

1.6. Objective of Project 32

1.7. Scope of Project 32

CHAPTER Ⅱ. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 33

CHAPTER Ⅲ. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY 37

3.1. Proposed Scheme 37

3.1.1. VLC System Based on ML 37

3.2. Block Diagram 38

3.3. MATLAB Software 47

3.4. Software Requirements 48

3.5. Hardware Requirements 48

CHAPTER Ⅳ. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 49

CHAPTER Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 54

REFERENCES 55

Abstract 58

Published Paper 59

Resume 61

Table 1.1. Comparison of LED, CFL, and incandescent lighting sources. 27

Table 1.2. Various LEDs, their bandwidths, and their applications. 28

Table 3.1. Software Requirements. 48

Table 3.2. Hardware Requirements. 48

Figure.1.1. Comprehensive electromagnetic spectrum. 19

Figure.1.2. VLC system's functional block diagram. 20

Figure.1.3. Indoor VLC system. 24

Figure.1.4. 2015 to 2024: Global Markets for LED Lighting. 25

Figure.1.5. Basic VLC System Diagram for LEDs. 28

Figure.3.1. ML-based VLC system. 38

Figure.3.2. Block diagram of our proposed method. 39

Figure.3.3. Data Generation for the colour red is shown. 40

Figure.3.4. Demonstrates the Modulation Method. 41

Figure.3.5. Data communication LED Driver as well as array. 41

Figure.3.6. Receiver for photodiodes. 42

Figure.3.7. Component Map in colour. 43

Figure.3.8. Graph of Linear Regression Algorithm. 44

Figure.3.9. Demodulation Technique. 44

Figure.3.10. Receiving data Process. 45

Figure.4.1. Red Color Data Generated. 49

Figure.4.2. Blue Color Data Generated. 50

Figure.4.3. Green Color Data Generated. 50

Figure.4.4. Accuracy Score of Linear Regression Model. 51

Figure.4.5. Final Model Output. 51

Figure.4.6. Final output of SNR versus BER. 52

Figure.4.7. Final output of Distance versus Output Voltage. 53