Title Page

Abstract

Contents

Abbreviation 10

1. Introduction 16

1.1. Background 16

1. Geography 17

2. Major Cities 19

3. Population 19

4. Historical Significance 19

5. Regional and Global Influence 19

6. Climate of Egypt 20

7. Administrative Divisions of Egypt 21

8. Tourism in Egypt 22

9. Economic Impact 22

10. Revenue Growth 22

11. Key Attractions 23

12. Demographics of Egypt 23

1.2. Problem Statement 24

1.3. Research objectives 30

1. Long-term Outcome 30

2. Short-term Outcomes 32

2. Literature Review 34

1. Introduction 34

2. The academic contribution of this paper is as follow 36

3. Research Methodology 38

3.1. Introduction of Study Area 38

3.2. Theoretical Framework and Research Road Map (RM) 42

1. The current situation in Egypt's food waste management 42

2. Comparative analysis between Korea's food waste management policies and Egypt 42

3. Benefit cost analysis by using the data 43

3.3. Data Collection 44

1. Data collection 44

2. Data Sources 44

3. Research Design 45

3.4. food waste generation 46

3.5. Waste management in Edfu, Egypt 48

3.6. GHG Emissions from Solid Waste 50

3.7. Analysis of the study area 54

1. Leftover Components 55

3.8. How South Korea became a world leader in Recycle Food Waste? 56

3.8.1. The use of food waste bags and guidelines for food waste disposal in South Korea are critical components of their successful food waste recycling system. 57

3.8.2. The sustainable practices within South Korea's food waste recycling system 58

3.8.3. Korean technology for composting incorporates several methods and machines to efficiently process organic waste. Here's an overview of these technologies and practices 59

3.9. Study of Food Waste Management System of China 61

4. Findings and Discussion 65

4.1. Current Food Waste Disposal Practices 65

4.1.1. Compost industry in matrixes 66

4.1.2. Signs indicating the maturity of compost 68

4.1.3. Factors affecting compost production 70

4.1.4. Characteristics of good compost 72

4.2. Analysis of Data Collected 73

4.2.1. SWOT Analysis 73

4.2.2. The Relationship between South Korea food waste policies and Egypt food waste policies 74

4.2.3. Comparison between organic fertilizers (compost) and chemical fertilizers 76

4.2.4. Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) 78

4.3. Results 91

1. Reduction in Methane Emissions 91

2. High-Quality Organic Fertilizer 91

3. Waste Diversion 92

4. Reducing the presence of pathogens and weed seeds 92

5. Carbon Sequestration 92

6. The use of chemical fertilizers can be minimized 92

7. Community Engagement 93

8. Opportunities for Education 93

9. Regulatory Support 93

10. Economic Benefits 93

5. Conclusions 94

5.1. Summery 94

5.2. conclusion 95

6. REFERENCES 96

국문초록 104

Table 3.1. Composition of Municipal Waste (CMW) 54

Table 3.2. Composition of Food Waste (CFW) 55

Table 4.1. A SWOT analysis matrix for food waste in Egypt 74

Table 4.2. The Relationship between South Korea food waste policies and Egypt food waste policies 75

Table 4.3. Comparison between organic fertilizers (compost) and chemical fertilizers 76

Table 4.4. Compost Promotion 77

Table 4.5. Cost Analysis CA 81

Table 4.6. Benefit Analysis BA 87

Table 4.7. Unit Value Analysis UVA 88

Table 4.8. Present Value (PV), Discount rate (R), Future Value (FV), Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit/Cost Ratio (B/C), Internal Rate of... 90

Figure 1.1. The Prophecies of Neferti in the Russian city of Saint 17

Figure 1.2. Egypt's topography 18

Figure 1.3. Egypt's location 19

Figure 1.4. Governorates of Egypt 22

Figure 1.5. Egypt's population 24

Figure 1.6. Egypt's Municipal waste composition 27

Figure 1.7. Egypt's Framework of Solid 28

Figure 1.8. Ministry of Environment 30

Figure 3.1. Edfu location in Egypt 39

Figure 3.2. Edfu Temple 40

Figure 3.3. EPA's food recovery hierarchy[내용없음] 14

Figure 3.3. Research 44

Figure 3.4. Research Design 46

Figure 3.5. Composition of Municipal Waste According to Egypt's first Biennial Update Report (BUR) 47

Figure 3.6. Percentage of organic waste 48

Figure 3.7. GHG emissions 50

Figure 3.8. GHG Emissions from Waste Sector between 2005-2015 According to Egypt's first Biennial Update Report (BUR) 51

Figure 3.9. Emissions per gas for the waste sector, 2015between 2005-2015 According to Egypt's first Biennial Update Report (BUR) 52

Figure 3.10. Emissions per category for the waste sector, between 2005-2015 According to Egypt's first Biennial Update Report (BUR) 54

Figure 3.11. Waste collection containers 57

Figure 3.12. Waste collection bags "Pay-As-You-Throw" System in Korea 58

Figure 3.13. Waste collection containers in Houses 60

Figure 3.14. Bokashi Composting Method (Fermentation System) 60

Figure 3.15. Composting Machine EMK_EcoCrobe_eng.pdf. (n.d.). 61

Figure 3.16. Food waste generation and collection in Shanghai (2010-2015). 63

Figure 3.17. Shanghai Technology University Microorganism Composting 64

Figure 4.1. Egyptian Composting process 66

Figure 4.2. Egyptian Composting Matrix process 68

Figure 4.3. Composting Product 70

Figure 4.4. Final Composting Product 72