Title Page
Contents
Abstract 17
초록 21
Ⅰ. Introduction 22
A. Research Background 22
B. Research Purpose 24
C. Research Significance 25
D. Layout of the Dissertation 26
Ⅱ. Literature Review 29
A. Previous Studies on Conceptual Metaphor 29
1. Metaphorical Mapping 32
2. Metaphorical Entailment 36
B. Previous Studies on Political Discourse 40
1. Conceptual Metaphor and Political Discourse 42
2. Critical Metaphor Analysis and Political Discourse 44
3. Previous Study on Poverty Alleviation Discourse 46
C. Summary 49
Ⅲ. Research Methodology 51
A. Research Questions 51
B. Data Collection 51
1. Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 51
2. Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 52
C. Research Methods and Procedures 53
D. Summary 57
Ⅳ. Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 58
A. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING Metaphor 59
1. BUILDING PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 60
2. FOUNDATION and Metaphorical Expressions 62
B. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE Metaphor 63
1. DISEASE and Metaphorical Expressions 64
2. DIAGNOSE and Metaphorical Expressions 65
3. TREATMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 65
C. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT Metaphor 67
1. ROOT and Metaphorical Expressions 68
2. FRUIT and Metaphorical Expressions 69
3. CULTIVATION and Metaphorical Expressions 69
D. Metaphorical Mappings of CLOTHING Metaphor 71
1. HAT and Metaphorical Expressions 72
E. Metaphorical Mappings of MACHINE Metaphor 72
1. POWER and Metaphorical Expressions 73
2. OPERATION and Metaphorical Expressions 74
F. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY Metaphor 75
1. PATH and Metaphorical Expressions 76
2. OBSTACLE and Metaphorical Expressions 79
3. GUIDE and Metaphorical Expressions 81
4. MOVEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 82
G. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR Metaphor 85
1. WARFARE and Metaphorical Expressions 88
2. WARFARE PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 90
3. OPPONENT and Metaphorical Expressions 93
4. BATTLEFIELD and Metaphorical Expressions 95
5. STRATEGY and Metaphorical Expressions 97
6. WEAPON and Metaphorical Expressions 99
7. WAR OUTCOME and Metaphorical Expressions 100
H. Summary 103
Ⅴ. Metaphors in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 104
A. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING Metaphor 105
1. BUILD PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 106
2. BUILDING PARTS and Metaphorical Expressions 106
B. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE Metaphor 107
1. DISEASE and Metaphorical Expressions 108
2. SYMPTOM and Metaphorical Expressions 109
3. TREATMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 109
C. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT Metaphor 110
1. ROOT and Metaphorical Expressions 110
D. Metaphorical Mappings of CONFINEMENT Metaphor 111
1. CONFINEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 112
2. CONFINING EQUIPMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 113
E. Metaphorical Mappings of CONTAINER Metaphor 114
1. IN/OUT and Metaphorical Expressions 115
2. WELL/TRAP and Metaphorical Expressions 115
F. Metaphorical Mappings of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphor 116
1. SUPERNATURAL BEING and Metaphorical Expressions 117
2. SUPERNATURAL EXPRESSION and Metaphorical Expressions 118
G. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY Metaphor 118
1. PATH and Metaphorical Expressions 120
2. OBSTACLE and Metaphorical Expressions 122
3. GUIDE and Metaphorical Expressions 124
4. MOVEMENT and Metaphorical Expressions 125
H. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR Metaphor 129
1. WARFARE and Metaphorical Expressions 131
2. WARFARE PROCESS and Metaphorical Expressions 132
3. OPPONENT and Metaphorical Expressions 134
4. BATTLEFIELD and Metaphorical Expressions 135
5. STRATEGY and Metaphorical Expressions 137
6. WEAPON and Metaphorical Expressions 138
7. WAR OUTCOME and Metaphorical Expressions 139
I. Summary 142
Ⅵ. Comparison Results 143
A. Similarities and Differences at the General-level 143
1. The Similarities at the General-level 143
2. The Differences at the General-level 145
B. Similarities and Differences at the Specific-level 146
1. The Similarities at the Specific-level 146
2. The Differences at the Specific-level 148
C. Summary 152
Ⅶ. Discussion 154
A. Metaphorical Entailments of the Observed Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 154
1. Metaphorical Entailments of BUILDING Metaphor 155
2. Metaphorical Entailments of DISEASE Metaphor 156
3. Metaphorical Entailments of PLANT Metaphor 156
4. Metaphorical Entailments of MACHINE Metaphor 157
5. Metaphorical Entailments of CONFINEMENT Metaphor 158
6. Metaphorical Entailments of CONTAINER Metaphor 159
7. Metaphorical Entailments of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphor 160
8. Metaphorical Entailments of JOURNEY Metaphor 160
9. Metaphorical Entailments of WAR Metaphor 163
B. The Reasons for the Similarities in the Usage of Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 165
1. Highlighting the Importance and Necessity of Poverty Alleviation 166
2. Highlighting the Exploration and Persistence in Poverty Alleviation 166
3. Highlighting the Effort and Proper Methods in Poverty Alleviation 167
4. Highlighting the Unity and Compliance in Poverty Alleviation 167
C. The Reasons for the Differences in the Usage of Metaphors in Both Leaders' Discourse 168
1. Highlighting the Government Investment and Individual Contribution in Poverty Alleviation in Xi Jinping's Discourse 168
2. Highlighting the Poverty Alleviation Policy in Xi Jinping's Discourse 169
3. Highlighting the Terror of Poverty in Lyndon B. Johnson's Discourse 170
4. Highlighting the Long-term Vision of Poverty Alleviation in Lyndon B. Johnson's Discourse 170
D. Summary 171
Ⅷ. Conclusion 173
A. Summary of Chapters 173
B. Findings 176
C. Limitations 178
D. Implications 179
REFERENCES 180
Table 4-1. Metaphor in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 59
Table 4-2. Distribution of BUILDING Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 60
Table 4-3. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 63
Table 4-4. Distribution of DISEASE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 64
Table 4-5. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 66
Table 4-6. Distribution of PLANT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 67
Table 4-7. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 71
Table 4-8. Distribution of CLOTHING Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 71
Table 4-9. Metaphorical Mappings of CLOTHING in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 72
Table 4-10. Distribution of MACHINE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 73
Table 4-11. Metaphorical Mappings of MACHINE in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 74
Table 4-12. Distribution of JOURNEY Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 76
Table 4-13. PATH Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 77
Table 4-14. OBSTACLE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 79
Table 4-15. GUIDE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 81
Table 4-16. MOVEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 83
Table 4-17. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 85
Table 4-18. Distribution of WAR Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 86
Table 4-19. WARFARE Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 88
Table 4-20. WARFARE PROCESS Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 91
Table 4-21. OPPONENT Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 94
Table 4-22. BATTLEFIELD Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 96
Table 4-23. STRATEGY Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 97
Table 4-24. WEAPON Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 99
Table 4-25. WAR OUTCOME Metaphorical Expressions in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 100
Table 4-26. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 102
Table 5-1. Metaphor in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 104
Table 5-2. Distribution of BUILDING Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 105
Table 5-3. Metaphorical Mappings of BUILDING in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 107
Table 5-4. Distribution of DISEASE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 108
Table 5-5. Metaphorical Mappings of DISEASE in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 110
Table 5-6. Distribution of PLANT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 110
Table 5-7. Metaphorical Mappings of PLANT in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 111
Table 5-8. Distribution of CONFINEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 112
Table 5-9. Metaphorical Mappings of CONFINEMENT in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 114
Table 5-10. Distribution of CONTAINER Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 114
Table 5-11. Metaphorical Mappings of CONTAINER in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 116
Table 5-12. Distribution of SUPERNATURAL BEING Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 117
Table 5-13. Metaphorical Mappings of SUPERNATURAL BEING in Lyndon B Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 118
Table 5-14. Distribution of JOURNEY Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 119
Table 5-15. PATH Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 120
Table 5-16. OBSTACLE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 123
Table 5-17. GUIDE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 124
Table 5-18. MOVEMENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 125
Table 5-19. Metaphorical Mappings of JOURNEY in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 129
Table 5-20. Distribution of WAR Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 130
Table 5-21. WARFARE Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 131
Table 5-22. WARFARE PROCESS Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 133
Table 5-23. OPPONENT Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 134
Table 5-24. BATTLEFIELD Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 136
Table 5-25. STRATEGY Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 137
Table 5-26. WEAPON Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 138
Table 5-27. WAR OUTCOME Metaphorical Expressions in Lyndon B. Johnson 's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 140
Table 5-28. Metaphorical Mappings of WAR in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 141
Table 6-1. Comparison of Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 144
Table 6-2. Comparison of JOURNEY Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 149
Table 6-3. Comparison of WAR Metaphors in Xi Jinping's Poverty Alleviation Discourse and Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty... 150
〈Figure 1〉 Metaphorical Mappings of SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE PLANTS 33
〈Figure 2〉 The Relationship Among Source Domain, Aspects of Source, Elements of Aspects, and Rich Knowledge About Elements 37
〈Figure 3〉 The Frequency of Metaphorical Expression WAR in Lyndon B. Johnson's Poverty Alleviation Discourse 54