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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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Title Page

Abstract

Contents

ACRONYMS 12

CHAPTER ONE. INTRODUCTION 15

1.1. Background 15

1.2. Problem Statement 17

1.3. Objectives of the Study 18

1.4. Research Questions 18

1.5. Hypothesis 18

1.6. Significancy of the Study 19

1.7. Justification of the Study 19

CHAPTER TWO. LITERATURE REVIEW 21

2.1. Forest Governance 21

2.2. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) 24

2.3. Policy Process Implementation 25

2.4. Activities for Sustainable Forest Management in Malawi 27

2.5. Remote Sensing 29

2.5.1. Definition of remote sensing 29

2.5.2. Remote Sensing and Electromagnetic Energy 30

2.5.3. Vegetation Cover and Remote Sensing 30

2.6. Previous Studies on Change Detection of Vegetation Cover 31

CHAPTER THREE. MATERIAL AND METHODS 35

3.1. Study Area 35

3.2. Data Collection Methods 36

3.2.1. Satellite Images 36

3.2.2. Selection of Forest Experts for Interviews 36

3.2.3. Review of Secondary Data and Documents 36

3.3. Data Analysis 37

CHAPTER FOUR. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 40

4.1. Introduction to the Findings 40

4.2. Detecting Forest Cover Change 40

4.2.1. Land Cover Map from 2013 Landsat 8 OLI Image 43

4.2.2. Land Cover Map from 2022 Landsat 8 Image 46

4.2.3. Land Cover Change Trend from 2013 to 2022 48

4.2.4. Accuracy Assessment of Land Cover Classes 49

4.3. Forest Policy Gaps 50

4.4. Factors Limiting Effective Policy Implementation 52

4.4.1. Poor Coordination among the Departments 53

4.4.2. Inadequate Capacity among Key Stakeholders of the Forest Sector 53

4.4.3. Inadequate Extension Staff 55

4.4.4. Low Funding on Forestry Development and Research 56

4.4.5. Ineffectiveness of Existing Regulations in Addressing Forest Loss 56

4.5. Policy Recommendations 57

4.5.1. Improve Forest Governance 57

4.5.2. Invest in Forest Based Enterprises 58

4.5.3. Conduct Forest Policy Meetings with Legislatures, Politicians and Local Leaders 59

4.5.4. Provide Incentives to People to Promote Management of Forests 59

CHAPTER FIVE. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 61

5.1. Conclusion and Recommendations 61

5.2. Recommendations for Future Research 64

BIBIOGRAPHY 65

Appendix 1. Research Interview Questionnaire for Forest Experts Introduction 73

요약 75

List of Tables

Table 1. Land Cover Change Trend from 2013 to 2022 48

Table 2. Error Matrix 49

Table 3. Summary of Accuracy (%) and Kappa Statistics 50

List of Figures

Figure 1. Spectral Reflectance Curves for Vegetation, Soil and Water 30

Figure 2. Location map of the study area 35

Figure 3. 2013 Satellite Image Captured on 2013/10/21 41

Figure 4. 2022 Satellite Image Captured on 2022/10/14 41

Figure 5. Visualized Image for 2013 42

Figure 6. Visualized Image for 2022 43

Figure 7. 2013 Classified Map of Chimaliro Forest Reserve 44

Figure 8. Areas in hectares (ha) of 2013 Land Cover Classes (a) and their percentage (%) (b) 45

Figure 9. 2022 Classsified Map of Chimaliro Forest Reserve 46

Figure 10. Areas in hectares (Ha) of 2022 Land Cover Classes (a) and their Percentages (b) 47

초록보기

 본 연구는 말라위의 치말로(Chimaliro) 산림보호구역을 대상으로 위성사진을 통한 9년 간의 녹지경관 변화를 분석하고 원인을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 시계열에 따른 대상지역의 입목상층부의 구조와 임간밀도를 분석하고자, 2013년과 2022년의 Landsat 8 OLI 위성이미지를 사용했다. 이미지 프로세싱 결과 NDVI 분류의 정확도는 93.68%이며 카파계수는 0.8996으로 나타났고, NDVI 분류분석을 통해 총 4개의 지상식생등급을 식별했다. 연구결과 2013년과 2022년 사이에 건강한 숲의 면적은 6791.4 ha가 감소하였는데 이는 전체면적의 72%에 해당된다. 특히, 우량림의 경우 77.22ha(62%)가 감소했고, 무입목지나 산림황폐지의 경우 각각 5479.1ha(295%), 1389.5ha(36.4%) 증가하였다. 이같은 임지황폐화 및 임지 면적감소의 주요 원인으로는 효과적인 산림정책의 부재, 거버넌스의 효율적 운영이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.