Title page
Contents
Foreword 2
Executive summary 5
1. Introduction 7
2. Existing by design approaches 10
Designing for safety offline 10
Digital by design concepts 11
What lessons can be drawn from other by design approaches and applied to digital safety by design for children? 13
3. International initiatives to understand and promote digital safety by design for children 15
4. Existing and emerging laws and policies on digital safety encompassing children 19
5. Dedicated regulatory agencies focusing on digital safety, including for children 27
6. Key components of digital safety by design for children 30
Employing age assurance mechanisms 30
Considerations for implementing child-centred design 32
Preventing and detecting harm 34
Protecting children's privacy and personal data 36
Ensuring child-friendly information provision 38
Facilitating complaints and redress 38
Encouraging child participation and putting children at the centre of decision making 40
Promoting a culture of safety and well-being 42
7. Case Studies 44
Risk profile 45
Risk profile 47
Risk profile 48
8. Conclusion and Next Steps 51
References 52
Notes 64
Table 3.1. Overview of selected international guidance documents on digital safety by design for children 17
Table 4.1. Overview of selected laws from OECD countries and the European Union on digital safety encompassing children 24
Table 5.1. Examples of selected regulatory agencies focusing on digital safety 27
Table 7.1. Safety measures necessary for different kinds of digital services 49
Boxes
Box 1.1. OECD Work on Children in the Digital Environment 8
Box 2.1. Children's rights by design and playful by design 13
Box 4.1. The Australian eSafety Commissioner's Safety by Design principles and vision for young people 20
Box 4.2. The EU's Better Internet for Kids (BIK+) Strategy 21
Box 4.3. The Children Online Protection Laboratory 22
Box 6.1. Examples of age assurance methods 32
Box 6.2. The RITEC framework 34
Box 6.3. Privacy by Design Initiatives 37
Box 6.4. Child-friendly and accessible complaint mechanisms 39
Box 6.5. Australia's eSafety Youth Council 41
Box 7.1. Digital Service Directed at Children 44
Box 7.2. Digital Service Directed at Both Children and Adults 46
Box 7.3. Digital Service Directed at Adults 48