Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 2
Executive summary 4
1.1. Budget planning 7
1.1.1. Budget context 7
1.1.2. Institutional and legislative framework 8
1.1.3. Macroeconomic and fiscal forecasting 8
1.1.4. Medium-term budget framework 9
1.1.5. Fiscal risk management 10
1.1.6. Interactions with local government 11
1.1.7. Annual budget 11
1.2. Budget preparation 13
1.2.1. Structure of the budget 13
1.2.2. Programme and performance budgeting 14
1.2.3. Spending reviews 16
1.2.4. Green budgeting 18
1.2.5. Gender budgeting 20
1.2.6. Capital investment 21
1.3. Budget oversight 23
1.3.1. Role of parliament 23
1.3.2. Parliamentary committees 24
1.3.3. A fiscal council 25
1.3.4. Court of Accounts 26
1.4. Budget execution, control and transparency 27
1.4.1. Cash management 27
1.4.2. Budget flexibility and execution 27
1.4.3. Internal control and audit 28
1.4.4. Financial monitoring and reporting 29
1.4.5. Budget transparency 30
References 31
Table 1. Moldova and OECD Principles for Budgetary Governance 5
Table 2. Calendar of the fiscal year 12
Table 3. Parliamentary approval of the budget 24
Figure 1. Performance budgeting in OECD countries 15
Figure 2. Use of spending reviews by country 17
Figure 3. Green budgeting in OECD countries 19
Figure 4. Gender budgeting in OECD countries 20
Boxes
Box 1. Examples of performance budgeting in OECD countries 16
Box 2. Examples of spending reviews Denmark and the Netherlands 18
Box 3. Examples of green budgeting in OECD countries 19
Box 4. Examples of gender budgeting in OECD countries 21
Box 5. Parliamentary Budget Offices in Austria and Ireland 25