Title page
Contents
Note by the Secretariat 7
Abstract 8
Résumé 9
Executive summary 10
1. Introduction 11
2. Emissions data compilation principles 12
Greenhouse gases 12
Frameworks for compiling greenhouse gas emissions data 13
Accounting principles 14
Emissions source classification systems 17
Scope of emissions 22
3. OECD and IEA greenhouse gas emissions data 25
Overview of GHG emissions datasets 25
Air emissions - GHG emissions inventories 27
Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions 29
Air Emissions Accounts 32
CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion (IEA) 35
GHG emissions embodied in international trade 36
4. Summary and next steps 38
References 40
Annex A. IPCC's guidelines 44
General 44
Annex B. Correspondence between ISIC and IPCC classifications 50
IPCC source classification in the emissions inventory 50
ISIC classification in the AEAs 54
IEA Flows and ICIO industry groups 56
Annex C. UNFCCC Data availability 61
Data availability by gases and emissions sources 63
Data quality variation 64
Annex D. Detailed data availability 66
Table 2.1. IPCC and ISIC (Revision 4) classification systems 18
Table 3.1. Principles and data availability of GHG emissions datasets 26
Table 3.2. Data availability summary for Air emissions - GHG emissions inventories 28
Table 3.3. Data availability summary for Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions 31
Table 3.4. Data availability summary for AEAs 33
Table 3.5. Data availability summary for CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion 36
Table 3.6. Data availability summary for GHG emissions embodied in international trade 37
Figure 2.1. Accounting principles for GHG emissions data 14
Figure 2.2. Production- and demand-based emissions in the production of a wooden table 15
Figure 2.3. Production- and demand-based GHG emissions 16
Figure 2.4. Global total net anthropogenic GHG emissions by type of gas in 2019 20
Figure 2.5. GHG emissions inventory (excl. LULUCF) by IPCC category in the EU, 2021 21
Figure 2.6. GHG emissions account (excl. emissions from biomass) by ISIC economic activity and households in the EU, 2021 21
Figure 2.7. CO₂ emissions in Denmark in 2021, in kilotonnes 23
Figure 2.8. CO₂ emissions in Luxembourg in 2021, in kilotonnes 24
Figure 3.1. Data availability for agriculture across IPCC categories and gases in OECD's Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions dataset 30
Figure 3.2. Data availability for LULUCF across IPCC categories and gases in OECD's Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions dataset 31
Boxes
Box 2.1. Dimensions used to structure GHG emissions data 13
Box 2.2. IPCC National Inventories and SEEA Air Emissions Accounts 17
Box 2.3. Greenhouse gases and emissions sources 20
Box 2.4. Bridging items between emissions inventories and emissions accounts 23
Box 3.1. OECD dataset on GHG emissions embodied in international trade 37
Annex Tables
Table A.1. Membership and reporting requirements to the UNFCCC 45
Table B.1. UNFCCC Annex-I Parties, Source Categories in the National Inventory (Summary) 51
Table B.2. UNFCCC Non-Annex-I Parties, Source Categories in the National Inventory (Summary) 53
Table B.3. Sector classification of greenhouse gas emissions as per OECD data dissemination platform 54
Table B.4. Sector classification as per AEAs in OECD data dissemination platform 54
Table B.5. Concordance between CO₂ flows (IEA) and OECD ICIO industry classification 57
Table B.6. ICIO industry groups in the emissions embodied in domestic final demand 58
Table B.7. ICIO Industry Aggregates List (Hierarchical Structure) 59
Table C.1. IPAC countries that have at least one-year missing data in the UNFCCC inventory data interface for total GHG emissions including LULUCF between 1990 and 2021 62
Table C.2. Number of countries for which data is missing in UNFCCC inventory, by gas and year for IPAC covered countries 63
Table D.1. Detailed data availability for OECD data on Air emissions - GHG emissions inventories 66
Table D.2. Detailed data availability for Agricultural greenhouse gases emissions 67
Table D.3. Detailed data availability for AEA 68
Table D.4. Detailed data availability for CO₂ emissions from fuel combustion 69
Annex Figures
Figure C.1. Significant share of emissions data is missing in countries covered by IPAC 62
Figure C.2. Number of countries that submitted National Greenhouse Gas Inventory to the UNFCCC by category of method applied for data compilation 64
Figure C.3. Number of countries that used different categories of emissions factors for GHGs data reporting 65
Annex Boxes
Box A.1. Methods for reporting AFOLU emissions 48