This report provides an overview of U.S. sanctions authorities and related actions in response to Russian malign activities, including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The report first discusses U.S. sanctions authorities and tools, particularly as they apply to Russia. It next describes various sanctions programs by which the executive branch has responded to Russian activities or that are available for this purpose, addressing authorities, tools, targets, and context. The report is compartmentalized so that readers primarily interested in a particular issue (e.g., sanctions in response to Russia’s use of chemical weapons) may find the relevant information in a subsection of the report.