Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 3
1. The Handbook 5
THE CONTEXT 5
THE "WHAT" 7
THE "WHY" 7
THE "WHOM" 8
2. The Methodology 9
A STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS 9
A META-ANALYSIS OF PRACTICES 11
OVERARCHING POINTS OF CONSIDERATION 12
3. The Compendium of Practices 13
A SNAPSHOT OF COLLECTED PRACTICES 13
CHRONOLOGY OF PRACTICES 15
SYNOPTIC OVERVIEW 16
EFFECTIVENESS 19
Principle 1. Clear roles and responsibilities 19
Principle 2. Appropriate scales within basin systems 23
Principle 3. Policy coherence 28
Principle 4. Capacity building 32
EFFICIENCY 37
Principle 5. Data and information 37
Principle 6. Financing 41
Principle 7. Regulatory frameworks 46
Principle 8. Innovative governance 50
TRUST AND ENGAGEMENT 54
Principle 9. Integrity and transparency 54
Principle 10. Stakeholder engagement 58
Principle 11. Managing trade-offs 63
Principle 12. Monitoring and evaluation 68
Annex A. List of contributors 72
References 74
Figure 1. Overview of the OECD Principles on Water Governance 5
Figure 2. Methodology process flow 9
Figure 3. Minimum criteria of selection of evolving practices 10
Figure 4. Number of practices per Principle 11
Figure 5. Geographical coverage of practices 12
Figure 6. Number of public water supply and sanitation service operators in France 21
Figure 7. Degree of integrated water resources management implementation across regions 27
Figure 8. The interlinkages between SDG 6 and the other SDGs 31
Figure 9. Key water-related governance challenges in African cities 35
Figure 10. Training and development across public water utilities 36
Figure 11. Available local data on water and sanitation services in African cities 40
Figure 12. Institutional investment in water supply infrastructure (excl. direct investment in stocks) 45
Figure 13. Governance of water regulators: guidance received from governments on long-term strategy 48
Figure 14. Obstacles to implementation of the PoM under the Water Framework Directive 49
Figure 15. Share of sectors included in circular economy initiatives in surveyed cities and regions 52
Figure 16. Estimation of global Al's scope 1 & 2 water withdrawals in 2027 53
Figure 17. Water Integrity Risk Index of Urban Areas 57
Figure 18. Share of salaried employees across public water utilities 62
Figure 19. Potential trade-offs in the water-energy-food nexus 66
Figure 20. Trade-offs across water reforms in agriculture 67
Figure 21. Distance to target and trends over time in OECD countries for SDG 6 70
Figure 22. Distance to travel for cities in SDG 6 for "Clean water" 71
Boxes
Box 1. OECD policy dialogues on water governance using the Principles as guiding framework 6