Title page
Contents
Acknowledgments 4
Executive summary 6
1. Introduction 8
2. How does the level of private investment compare to public support in the space economy? 10
3. Barriers to invest and policies to attract and raise private space investment 20
References 28
Table 2.1. R&D intensity in selected ISIC rev. 4 categories 13
Table 2.2. R&D intensity in selected space activities and OECD countries 13
Figure 1.1. Increasingly crowded orbits 8
Figure 2.1. Main perimeters of the space economy 12
Figure 2.2. Evolution of selected government space budgets 15
Figure 2.3. Gross output of selected industry segments of the US space economy 17
Figure 2.4. European upstream final sales 18
Figure 2.5. Investment in commercial space ventures 18
Boxes
Box 2.1. Tracking investment in official statistics 12
Box 3.1. UK Space Agency: Catalysing investment and monitoring improvement 21