Title page
Contents
Abstract 4
1. Introduction 6
2. Well-being: what is it and how can it be measured? 7
2.1. Measuring well-being: notable initiatives 11
2.1.1. Bhutan's Gross National Happiness Index 11
2.1.2. OECD Better Life Initiative: the How's Life framework and the Better Life Index 12
2.1.3. OECD Child Well-Being Data Portal and Dashboard 14
2.1.4. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study 16
2.1.5. 21st Century Children 17
3. Proposed framework and methodology to derive the indicators 18
3.1. Exploring the nine proposed topics of well-being 20
3.1.1. Academic Performance 20
3.1.2. Psychological well-being 22
3.1.3. Agency and engagement 24
3.1.4. Resilience 26
3.1.5. Engagement with school 27
3.1.6. Social relationships 29
3.1.7. Study-life balance 30
3.1.8. Material and cultural well-being 32
3.1.9. Openness to diversity 34
3.2. Limitations of the suggested approach, and possibility for improvement 36
4. Conclusions 38
References 39
Annex A. Indicator tables 51
Figure 1. The PISA 2018 Well-Being Framework 10
Figure 2. Bhutan's Gross National Happiness Index 12
Figure 3. The How's Life Well-Being Framework 13
Figure 4. The interactive dashboard of the Better Life Index 14
Figure 5. Multi-level Child Well-being Framework 15
Figure 6. The Child Well-Being Dashboard 16