Title page
Contents
Summary 2
Introduction 4
Background 4
Assessments by U.S. Intelligence Community 4
March 2021 NIC Report on Global Trends 4
April 2021 DNI Threat Assessment 6
February 2022 DNI Threat Assessment 7
February 2023 DNI Threat Assessment 11
Overview of Areas of Potential Implications 12
World Order, International Institutions, and Global Governance 13
U.S. Global Leadership and Role in the World 13
China's Potential Role as a Global Leader 14
U.S. Relations and Great Power Competition with China and Russia 14
Democracy, Authoritarianism, and Autocracy 14
Societal Tension, Reform, and Transformation, and Governmental Stability 15
World Economy, Globalization, and U.S. Trade Policy 15
Allied Defense Spending and U.S. Alliances 15
European Union 15
Definition of, and Budgeting for, U.S. National Security 15
U.S. Defense Strategy, Defense Budget, and Military Operations 16
U.S. Foreign Assistance, International Debt Relief, and Refugee Policy 16
Non-state Actors 16
U.S. Attention to International Issues Other than the Pandemic 16
Role of Congress 16
Appendices with CRS Reports and Additional Writings 17
Potential Issues for Congress 17
Appendix A. Related CRS Reports 18
Appendix B. Additional Writings 22
Author Information 51
Acknowledgments 51
Disclaimer 51