Title page
Contents
Summary 2
Introduction 4
Federal Support for Drinking Water Infrastructure 5
Estimating Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs 5
Trends in Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs 7
Paying for Drinking Water Infrastructure 10
Needs Survey Observations 11
Treatment Need 12
Transmission and Distribution Need 13
Congressional Prioritization of Needs 14
Prioritization Mechanisms 15
Role of "Earmarks" 16
Considerations for Congress 16
Needs Estimates and Congressional Priorities 17
Survey Data Collection 17
Scale of Needs and Investments 19
Appendix A. Selected Differences in Survey Methods 21
Appendix B. Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Regulatory Compliance Needs 22
Appendix C. Annual Estimated Infrastructure Needs by State from EPA's Needs Surveys 23
Author Information 25
Acknowledgments 25
Disclaimer 25
Table 1. EPA's Estimates of State and Territory Drinking Water Infrastructure Need 8
Figure 1. State and Territory Drinking Water Infrastructure Need, by Project Category 10
Table A-1. Selected Differences in Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Surveys 21
Table B-1. Estimated 20-Year Costs Needed to Comply with SDWA Regulations 22
Table C-1. Annual Estimated Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs, by State 23