Title page
Contents
Foreword 4
Acknowledgements 5
Abbreviations and acronyms 9
Executive summary 10
1. Introduction 15
References 19
Note 19
2. Strengths, challenges and interlinkages in the Province of Córdoba across its four strategic priorities 20
Gender and employment: Focus on the care economy 21
Córdoba's progress and challenges in the face of a persisting gender gap in employment 21
The central role of the care economy in promoting gender equality in employment 26
Education for employment 28
Despite relatively high levels of educational attainment in Córdoba, inequalities remain a concern 28
Youth unemployment rates highlight the importance of education in preparing individuals for the job market in Córdoba 30
Housing and access to services 32
Housing affordability, housing conditions and access to services could be further improved in Córdoba 33
Sustainable development in Córdoba requires improved access to services, whilst considering the benefits of telemedicine and teleworking in a post-pandemic era 36
Bridging the digital divide 37
Increasing access to high-speed Internet in underserved areas is crucial for bridging the digital divide and enabling remote work opportunities in the province 37
Improving digital connectivity and skills is key to achieving inclusive digital transformation and sustainable development in the province 39
Spotlight on co-benefits and potential policy tensions across the four axes: Using the SDGs to address interlinked sustainability challenges 41
References 45
Notes 49
3. Main programmes implemented by the province across its four strategic priorities to achieve the SDGs 51
Gender and employment: Focus on the care economy 52
Education for employment 54
Housing and access to services 56
Bridging the digital divide 58
References 60
4. Policy recommendations and action plan 62
Recommendation 1: Strengthen synergies across the four strategic axes 64
Recommendation 2: Gender and employment - Focus on the care economy 67
Recommendation 3: Education for employment 69
Recommendation 4: Housing and access to services 71
Recommendation 5: Bridging the digital divide 73
Annex A. Survey results 75
Gender and employment: Focus on the care economy 75
Education for employment 77
Bridging the Digital Divide 79
Housing and access to services 81
Figure 2.1. Córdoba has a gender gap to close in terms of employment 21
Figure 2.2. The gender gap in the employment rate is larger than in most OECD regions 22
Figure 2.3. Unemployment rates in Córdoba are similar to that of most OECD regions 23
Figure 2.4. Unemployment rates of men and women in Córdoba have improved since 2018 but the gender gap persists 23
Figure 2.5. Prior to the pandemic, Córdoba's long-term unemployment rate was relatively high compared to Latin American peers 24
Figure 2.6. The gender gap in long-term unemployment has narrowed since 2018 25
Figure 2.7. In 2018, one-quarter of the Cordoban youth was unemployed 25
Figure 2.8. Youth unemployment rates for men and women have dropped and are currently closer than in 2018 26
Figure 2.9. Córdoba's rates of educational attainment stand out in comparison with Latin American regions but remain below the OECD average 28
Figure 2.10. Higher and secondary educational attainment rates in Córdoba show inequalities by age group and by sex (first semester of 2022) 29
Figure 2.11. Educational attainment in Córdoba's labour force is relatively high compared to Latin American peers 30
Figure 2.12. The average number of rooms per person in Córdoba is close to that of other Latin American regions 33
Figure 2.13. Housing expenditure in Córdoba was higher than in many OECD regions pre-pandemic 34
Figure 2.14. A relatively large portion of the Cordoban population lacked basic sanitary facilities prior to the COVID-19 pandemic 35
Figure 2.15. Housing affordability has improved slightly in the Province of Córdoba since 2018, whereas housing conditions still show room for improvement 35
Figure 2.16. In 2018, the connectivity to Internet in Córdoba was slightly lower than in most OECD regions 38
Figure 2.17. The digital gap persists in the Province of Córdoba 39
Figure 2.18. Departments in the northwest of the province lack infrastructure for digital connectivity compared to the east 42
Figure 2.19. Synergies among Córdoba's strategic axes through an SDG lens 44
Figure 4.1. Five key recommendations to advance strategic priorities through the SDGs in the Province of Córdoba, Argentina 63
Figure 4.2. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 1 to strengthen synergies across the four strategic axes - Part I 64
Figure 4.3. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 1 to strengthen synergies across the four strategic axes - Part II 65
Figure 4.4. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 1 to strengthen synergies across the four strategic axes - Part III 66
Figure 4.5. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 2 on gender and employment - Part I 67
Figure 4.6. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 2 on gender and employment - Part II 68
Figure 4.7. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 3 on education for employment - Part I 69
Figure 4.8. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 3 on education for employment - Part II 70
Figure 4.9. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 4 on housing and access to services - Part I 71
Figure 4.10. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 4 on housing and access to services - Part II 72
Figure 4.11. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 5 on bridging the digital divide - Part I 73
Figure 4.12. Action plan to implement OECD Recommendation 5 on bridging the digital divide - Part II 74
Boxes
Box 1.1. Key findings and recommendations from "A territorial approach to the Sustainable Development Goals in Córdoba, Argentina" (2021) 16
Box 1.2. Methodology for the policy dialogue between the OECD and the Province of Córdoba (2022-23) 18
Box 3.1. Gender and employment programmes in the Province of Córdoba 53
Box 3.2. Education for employment programmes in the Province of Córdoba 55
Box 3.3. Programmes in the Province of Córdoba on housing and access to services 57
Box 3.4. Programmes in the Province of Córdoba on bridging the digital divide 58
Annex Figures
Figure A.1. What do you consider to be the main challenges for the care economy in the Province of Córdoba? 75
Figure A.2. What do you think about the fact that the responsibility for caring falls most often on women (89% of women spend time on caring, while only 58% of men do so)? 76
Figure A.3. What do you think is the reason behind the fact that the vast majority of female domestic workers are not formally registered? 76
Figure A.4. What impediments/barriers do you identify for the implementation of these care-oriented actions? 77
Figure A.5. What do you think are the main causes of unemployment in the Province of Córdoba? 77
Figure A.6. According to the well-being survey, 39% of unemployment corresponds to long-term unemployment (looking for a job for more than a year) in the 4 main... 78
Figure A.7. What type of knowledge and skills do you consider necessary to get a job? 78
Figure A.8. What impediments/barriers do you identify in the implementation of your actions related to training for employment? 79
Figure A.9. Which groups of the population do you consider to be the most affected by the digital divide? 79
Figure A.10. What do you consider to be the main challenges of the digital divide in the Province of Córdoba? 80
Figure A.11. What are the possible solutions that you think could be implemented to solve the problem of the digital divide in the Province of Córdoba? 80
Figure A.12. What impediments/barriers in the implementation of these solutions would you identify in an effort to reduce the digital gap? 81
Figure A.13. What are the main housing challenges in the urban areas of the Province of Córdoba? 81
Figure A.14. How can housing in the Province of Córdoba be improved for the future? 82
Figure A.15. Internet access for the population living in peri-urban areas or those farther away from large urban centres offers the possibility of having new services and... 82
Figure A.16. What can the government do to improve access to services in the province? 83