Title page
Contents
Abstract/Résumé 4
1. Introduction 7
2. The CAPMF policy inventory: description and trends 9
3. Data and methods for cluster analysis 13
4. Documenting mitigation strategy types 16
5. Assessing the relationship between mitigation policy strategies and emission changes 22
6. Conclusions and next steps 27
References 29
Annex A. Detailed list of policies in the CAPMF 33
Annex B. Methodology and robustness checks 39
Annex C. Cluster evolution over time 41
Annex D. Robustness checks 46
Table 1. Example from the transport sector: adoption of policy instruments varies across countries 12
Table 2. Mitigation strategies by policy category 18
Table 3. Mitigation strategies by sectoral focus 20
Table 4. The effects of mitigation strategies on GHG emissions across countries 26
Figure 1. Countries have ramped up climate action between 2000 and 2020 12
Figure 2. Policy dissimilarity matrix(원문불량) 15
Figure 3. Standardised distances between countries across clusters 16
Figure 4. The evolution of mitigation strategy adoption over time 21
Figure 5. The evolution of different types of mitigation strategies 22
Figure 6. Relationship between clusters, overall policy stringency and emissions 23
Boxes
Box 1. The CAPMF data collection 10
Annex Tables
Table A A.1. Sectoral climate policies: Market-based instruments 33
Table A A.2. Sectoral climate policies: Non market-based instruments 34
Table A A.3. Cross-sectoral climate actions and policies 35
Table A A.4. International climate policy: Detailed description of components 36
Table A A.5. International climate policy: Detailed description of components 37
Table A D.1. The effects of climate policies and policy clusters on CO₂ emissions across countries 46
Table A D.2. Robustness checks to the main specification 47
Annex Figures
Figure A B.1/Figure 7. Dendrogram based on countries' climate change mitigation policies 40
Figure A C.1. The evolution of average policy stringency by cluster across policy groups 41
Figure A C.2. The evolution of market based instruments over time by country 42
Figure A C.3. The evolution of the subsidies score over time by country 43
Figure A C.4. The evolution of non-market based instruments over time by country 43
Figure A C.5. Evolution of international initiatives over time by country 44
Figure A D.1. Conceptual Framework 48