Title page
Contents
Summary 2
Introduction 5
History and Legal Authority 5
Title 13 6
Title 26 7
Governing Legislation 7
Congressional Committees 7
Institutional Aspects 8
Director 8
Directorates 8
The Federal Statistical System 9
Funding 10
Census Bureau Funding Over Time 10
Census Data 11
Federal Programs Spending 11
Reapportionment and Redistricting 12
Geographic Delineations 12
Major Products 13
Current Surveys and Programs 13
Current Economic Statistics 14
Current Demographic Statistics 14
Periodic Censuses and Programs 15
Decennial Census of Population and Housing 15
American Community Survey 16
Economic Census 17
Census of Governments 17
Other Products 18
2020 Decennial Census 18
Selected Innovations 18
Self-Response 19
Address Canvassing 19
Outreach 19
Data Protection and Confidentiality 19
Administrative Records 20
Technology Used During Fieldwork 20
Selected Issues 20
Cancelled Field Tests 20
Citizenship Question 21
COVID-19 21
Under- and Overcounting 21
GAO High-Risk Series 21
2030 Decennial Census 22
Selected Ongoing and Emerging Issues 23
Survey Nonresponse Bias 23
Under- and Overcounting 24
Use of Administrative Records for Statistical Purposes 26
Revisions to Race and Ethnicity Data Collection 27
Confidentiality and its Impact on Data Quality 27
Use of Artificial Intelligence 28
Appendix. Relevant Committee Hearings from Senate HSGAC and House Oversight during the 114th through the 118th Congresses 30
Author Information 31
Disclaimer 31
Table 1. U.S. Census Bureau Authorities in Title 13 U.S.C. 6
Table 2. FY2023 and FY2024 Census Bureau Funding 10
Table 3. Top 10 Federal Assistance Programs Distribution Using Census Program Data in FY2021 12
Figure 1. Census Bureau Funding from FY2011 through FY2023 Broken Down by Selected Programs 11
Table A-1. Recent Committee Hearings 30