[Title Page]
Copyright
Contents
EDITORS 7
CONTRIBUTORS 9
PREFACE / Kyung-ok Do ; Jeong-Ho Roh ; Henri Féron 15
PART I. Reflecting on Seventy Years of Diplomacy 31
CHAPTER 1. The Legal Framework of Diplomacy under the San Francisco System: Korea and the Formation of a New Legal Order / Jeong-Ho Roh 33
Introduction 33
The Treaty of Portsmouth as a Prelude to World War II and the San Francisco System 35
Korea under the Legal Order Created by the San Francisco System 38
Conclusion 52
REFERENCES 54
CHAPTER 2. What Have Twenty-Five Years of Nuclear Diplomacy Achieved? / Leon V. Sigal 59
Introduction 59
The Agreed Framework and Its Collapse 60
The September 2005 Six-Party Joint Statement 65
Implementing the September 2005 Joint Statement 70
The Leap Day Deal 74
Sanctions without Negotiations: A Recipe for Failure 81
REFERENCES 84
CHAPTER 3. The Future of US Policy toward North Korea and the Role of South Korea / Joel S. Wit ; Sun Young Ahn 87
Introduction 87
The Current Situation 88
The Direction of Future US Policy 95
The Role of US-ROK Relations: Some Observations 102
PART II. Assessing the Current Spiral of Escalation 105
CHAPTER 4. The Endgame Question: Where Is Escalation Leading Us, and Is It Worth It? / Alexandre Y. Mansourov 107
Introduction 107
Framing the Question 108
Three Factors Shaping North Korean Behavior 110
Checking Our Assumptions 114
"Spirit of the Offense" and Key Ingredients of a Successful KPA Offensive 117
Prospects for Negotiations Are Remote 120
But Escalation May Fall Short of Expectations 125
Conclusion 134
REFERENCES 136
CHAPTER 5. Sanctions and North Korea: The Absence of a Humanitarian Emergency and the Crisis of Development / Hazel Smith 149
Introduction 149
What This Chapter Is About 150
The Humanitarian and the Development Spheres 151
Economic Sanctions and the DPRK 155
The Humanitarian Condition in the DPRK 2006–2016 159
Development and the DPRK 166
The Humanitarian Costs of Sanctions 168
REFERENCES 170
CHAPTER 6. Sanctions against North Korea: An Analysis from an International Human Rights Law Perspective / Kyung-ok Do 173
Introduction 173
The Impact of Sanctions on Human Rights : Comprehensive Sanctions and Targeted Sanctions 175
Human Rights as Legal Limits of Sanctions : Limits for States 182
Review of Sanctions against North Korea : UN Security Council Resolutions 2270 and 2321 190
Conclusion 195
REFERENCES 198
PART III. Proposing a De-Escalation 203
CHAPTER 7. Internal Conditions for Rapprochement: What Kind of Economic Opening is Feasible? / Rüdiger Frank 205
Introduction: Why Rapprochement 205
Defining the Operating Environment: North Korea as a Socialist Economy 206
Looking for Best Practices: Applicability of the Eastern European, Chinese, and Vietnamese Models 209
Reform or Adjustment: Changes in North Korea's Economy since 1990 213
Progressive or Conservative: Changes in North Korea's Economy Since Kim Jong-un 217
Conclusion and Outlook: Feasible Options and Conditions for Economic Opening 224
REFERENCES 230
CHAPTER 8. External Conditions for Rapprochement: What Avenues and Opportunities Would a North Korean Opening-Up Present for the United States and Korea? / Chang-Seok Yang 233
Introduction 233
Review of North Korea's Economic Opening Up and Reaction by the United States and South Korea : US-DPRK Relations: LWR Project 236
Conclusion: Future Options 253
REFERENCES 262
CHAPTER 9. State Succession in the Context of Korean Unification / Ye Joon Rim 265
Introduction 265
Reframing the Meaning of Unification in International Law : The Notion of Divided States and their Unification in International Law 267
State Succession and Korean Unification 273
Conclusion 287
REFERENCES 289
CHAPTER 10. Proposing a Model of Reunification to Solve the Korean Nuclear Crisis / Henri Féron 293
The Politics of Reunification: The Case for Ideological Neutrality 314
Conclusion 330
REFERENCES 332
INDEX 345
[Back Cover] 352