표제지
제출문
원자력신소재개발 과제 구성표
요약문
Summary
Contents
목차
제1장 서론 38
제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 42
1. 외국의 경우 42
2. 개발의 현황 46
3. 금속연료 FBR Cycle의 장점 48
제3장 연구개발의 내용 및 범위 58
제1절 U-Zr 금속연료 개발 58
1. U-Zr 핵연료봉의 제조 및 특성분석 58
2. 삼원계 U-Zr-Z 합금 개발 112
제2절 건식처리공정개발 185
1. 전해정련기술 185
2. 고온화학기술 328
제4장 연구개발목표 달성도 및 대외기여도 392
제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 396
제6장 참고문헌 400
서지정보양식 408
BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHEET 409
판권기 410
Table 1-1-1. Characteristics of nuclear fuel for liquid metal reactor. 60
Table 1-1-2. Key phenomena that control fuel performance. 65
Table 1-1-3. Relationship between the atomizing conditions and powder... 76
Table 1-1-4. Chemical composition of metallic fuel rod. 104
Table 1-1-5. Density of U-10wt, %Zr pre-pin. 104
Table 1-2-1. 우라늄 Derby의 화학적 조성 및 비중. 132
Table 2-1-1. 1000K에서의 염화물 생성자유에너지 198
Table 2-1-2. 건식재처리 기술의 성립성 평가에... 208
Table 2-1-3. 주요 희토류 원소의 Cd중의 활동도계수. 225
Table 2-1-4. 각종 염화물의 생성자유에너지[표없음] 25
Table 2-1-5. 새로운 연료의 사양(30만Kw 로심용) 237
Table 2-1-6. Classified electrodeposition... 246
Table 2-1-7. Gibbs free energy of formation... 250
Table 2-1-8. Most significant constitution... 260
Table 2-1-9. Composition of uranium metal 263
Table 2-1-10. Salt distribution just before experiment 291
Table 2-1-11. Composition of deposit containing... 296
Table 2-1-12. Equilibrillm concentration of elements in salt... 298
Table 2-1-13. Operating conditions and results of uranium... 301
Table 2-1-14. Uranium and zirconium content in deposit 302
Table 2-1-15. Operating conditions arid results of uranium... 307
Table 2-1-16. Uranium and zirconium content in deposition 308
Table 2-1-17. Experimental value of decomposition voltage. 313
Table 2-1-18. Thermochemical data of some compounds exist in system. 316
Table 2-1-19. Solubility product charges with respect to the variation of... 317
Table 2-1-20. Concentration of uranium in FLINAK without A1 trap at 1123K[표없음] 26
Table 2-1-21. Free energy of formation for some elements at 1123K. 320
Table 2-1-22. Concentration in FLINAK with Al trap at 1123K. 323
Table 2-1-23. ComParison of ICP solution for U0 solubilities... 324
Table 2-2-1. Thermochemical Data 335
Table 2-2-2. Heats of formation for U-0-C1 compounds... 337
Table 2-2-3. Free energies of fornation for compound at... 338
Table 2-2-4. Vapor pressure of uranium chlorides... 341
Table 2-2-5. Molar heat capacities of compounds 345
Table 2-2-6. Solvents of uranium compounds 363
Table 2-2-7. PhysicaI properties of U-0-C1 compounds 373
Fig. 1-1-1. Core concept for high performance and new core concept. 60
Fig. 1-1-2. Components and reactor assembly of EBR-II. 63
Fig. 1-1-3. Schematic diagram of fuel element for 1 liquid metal reactor. 64
Fig. 1-1-4. As-irradiated microstructure of a U-9Pu-10Zr fuel slug... 65
Fig. 1-1-5. Typical fission gas bubble distribution in the high... 66
Fig. 1-1-6. U-Zr phase diagram. 68
Fig. 1-1-7. Example of grain-boundary tears joint by porosity... 69
Fig. 1-1-8 Gas bubble morphology in high temperature γ phases at... 70
Fig. 1-1-9. (a) Aligned dendritic and(b) microcrystalline structure... 72
Fig. 1-1-10. PrincipIe of centrifugal atomization process. 75
Fig. 1-1-11. Examples of powder microstructure. 77
Fig. 1-1-12. Relationship between the particle size and... 78
Fig. 1-1-13. Effect of anguIar velocity on the particle Size... 82
Fig. 1-1-14. Effect of disk diameter velocity on the particle... 83
Fig. 1-1-15. Combined effect of surface tension and density on the... 84
Fig. 1-1-16. U-10wt,%Zr alloy ingot prepared by vacuum induction... 89
Fig. 1-1-17. Scanning electron micrograph of U-10wt,%Zr alloy. 89
Fig. 1-1-18. Transmission electron micrograph... 90
Fig. 1-1-19. Transmission electron micrograph showing... 90
Fig. 1-1-20. Pre-pin of U-10wt%Zr alloy prepared by gravity casting... 91
Fig. 1-1-21. Stereoscopic photograph showing pre-pin cross-sections of... 92
Fig. 1-1-22. Optical micrographs of pre-pin cross-section. 94
Fig. 1-1-23. Optical micrographs Zr-rich dispersant particles of... 96
Fig. 1-1-24. Scanning electron micrographs showing Zr-rich dispersed... 98
Fig. 1-1-25. Scanning electron micrographs showing laminar structure of... 100
Fig. 1-1-26. Scanning electron micrographs showing laminar structure of... 102
Fig. 1-1-27. Thermal conductivity of U-10wt,%Zr alloy versus... 106
Fig. 1-1-28. Optical micrographs showing Zr-rich dispersed particles of... 109
Fig. 1-1-29. Scanning electron micrographs showing a-U gains of... 110
Fig. 1-1-30. Scanning electron micrographs showing lamina of... 111
Fig. 1-2-1. Optical micrographs of U-10wt,%Zr alloy(a), U-7wt%Zr-3wt%Ta... 116
Fig. 1-2-2. Scanning electron micrographs of U-10wt.%Zr alloy showing... 118
Fig. 1-2-3. Scanning electron micrographs of U-7wt%Zr-3wt%Ta alloy... 119
Fig. 1-2-4. Scanning electron micrographs of U-7wt%Zr-3wt%Nb alloy... 120
Fig. 1-2-5. Scanning electron micrographs of U-7wt%Zr-3wt%W alloy... 121
Fig. 1-2-6. Scanning electron micrographs of U-7wt%Zr-3wt%Mo alloy... 122
Fig. 1-2-7. EDS analysis resuIts for matrix of U-10wt%Zr alloy(a),... 123
Fig. 1-2-8. Xray diffraction patterns of U-10wt%Zr alloy(a),... 125
Fig. 1-2-9. Lamina thickness of U-10wt%Zr alloy and ternary U-Zr-X... 129
Fig. 1-2-10. Scanning electron micrographs of U-10wt%Zr alloy(a),... 130
Fig. 1-2-11. Plug를 사용한 하주출탕방식 흑연집합체 135
Fig. 1-2-12. 진공유도 용해주조 시 사용한 흑연도가니 136
Fig. 1-2-13. 진공유도 용해주조 시 사용된 Pouring Bracket 137
Fig. 1-2-14. #28mm Ingot 주조 시 사용된 Distributer. 138
Fig. 1-2-15. #28mm Ingot 주조 시 사용된 흑연주형 139
Fig. 1-2-16. U-10Zr 합금과 U-7Zr-3X 합금의... 142
Fig. 1-2-17. 500℃에서 1000시간동안 열처리한 U-10Zr 합금과... 146
Fig. 1-2-18. U-10Zr 합금의 EDS 정량분석 결과 148
Fig. 1-2-19. U-8Zr-2Mo 합금과 U-8Zr-2W... 151
Fig. 1-2-20. 600℃에서 100시간 동안 열처리한... 154
Fig. 1-2-21. 800℃에서 1시간 및 2시간 동안 열처리한... 157
Fig. 1-2-22. 800℃에서 1시간 및 2시간 동안 열처리한... 159
Fig. 1-2-23. U-7Zr-3Mo의 EDS 분석 결과 162
Fig. 1-2-24. U-7Zr-3Mo의 각 상에 따른 EDS 성분분석 결과 166
Fig. 1-2-25. U-7Zr-3W의 각 상에 따른 EDS 성분분석 결과 168
Fig. 1-2-26. Cladding한 U-10Zr 2원계합금의... 170
Fig. 1-2-27. Cladding한 U-8Zr-2W 3원계합금의... 171
Fig. 1-2-28. Cladding한 U-8Zr2-Mo 3원계합금의... 172
Fig. 1-2-29. Slug로 된 U-10Zr 합금의 열처리... 173
Fig. 1-2-30. Slug로 된 U-7Zr-3W 합금의 열처리... 176
Fig. 1-2-31. Slug로 된 U-7Zr-3Mo 합금의 열처리... 179
Fig. 2-1-1. Solubilities of metals in liquid cadmium 197
Fig. 2-1-2. U-Cd계 상태도 200
Fig. 2-1-3. Pu-Cd계 상태도 200
Fig. 2-1-4. Cadmium중 우라늄의 용해속도 201
Fig. 2-1-5. 고체음극법에 의한 U-Pu전석 모형도 204
Fig. 2-1-6. 음극반응에 대응하는 자유에너지의... 213
Fig. 2-1-7. Cd음극법에 의한 U, Pu 및 Nd의 전석거동 214
Fig. 2-1-8. 고체음극법에 의한 U, Pu 및 Nd의 전석거동 214
Fig. 2-1-9. 전해정련 실험장치의 개략도 215
Fig. 2-1-10. 용융염 전해장치 개념도 217
Fig. 2-1-11. 우라늄의전해정제 실험 장치도 217
Fig. 2-1-12. 양극 우라늄 농도에 대한 우라늄의 분극특성 220
Fig. 2-1-13. 평형값으로부터 계산된 Pu의 회수율 227
Fig. 2-1-14. Electrorefining for recovery of plutonium and... 229
Fig. 2-1-15. Pyrochemical process for IFR core and blanket 230
Fig. 2-1-16. Electrodeposition and stripping of uranium and... 236
Fig. 2-1-17. 전환시설 개념도 240
Fig. 2-1-18. 금속연료 재처리, 성형가공 시설의 공정도 242
Fig. 2-1-19. 금속연료 재처리, 성형가공시설의 건축개넘도 242
Fig. 2-1-20. 폐기물 처리시설의 개념도 244
Fig. 2-1-21. Uranium electrorefining using solid cathode and... 251
Fig. 2-1-22. Solubi1ity of metals in liquid cadmium 254
Fig. 2-1-23. Partial phase diagram of Cd-U system 255
Fig. 2-1-24. Partial phase diagram of Cd-Zr system 256
Fig. 2-1-25. Partial phase diagram of Nd-Cd system 257
Fig. 2-1-26. Apparatus for uranium electrorefining cell (a)... 264
Fig. 2-1-27. Experimental procedures 265
Fig. 2-1-28. Flow chart for the experimental procedure 267
Fig. 2-1-29. Schematic drawing of experimental cell and furnace 269
Fig. 2-1-30. Flow chart of cell voltage experiment procedure. 273
Fig. 2-1-31. Formation rate of UCl₃ With respect to time... 275
Fig. 2-1-32. Dissolution rate of uranium in liquid cadmium... 277
Fig. 2-1-33. Plot current with respect to applied potential... 279
Fig. 2-1-34. Plot current with respect to potential at 500℃ 280
Fig. 2-1-35. PIot current with respect to potential charge... 281
Fig. 2-1-36. Potential charge with time under constant... 283
Fig. 2-1-37. Morphorogies of electrorefined deposit under... 284
Fig. 2-1-38. Plot of current with respect tp applied potential... 286
Fig. 2-1-39. Plot of current with respect to potential... 287
Fig. 2-1-40. Plot of current with respect to applied potential... 289
Fig. 2-1-41. Charge of ZrCl₄ Concentration in KCl-LiCl... 290
Fig. 2-1-42. Scanning electron micrographs of uranium deposit 295
Fig. 2-1-43. Morphorgy of electrorefined deposit in KCl-LiCl... 303
Fig. 2-1-44. Zirconium weight percent in deposit with respect to... 304
Fig. 2-1-45. The chage of UCl₃ amount in saIt with respect to... 306
Fig. 2-1-46. Plot for current with voltage change in carbon... 309
Fig. 2-1-47. Plot for current with voltage change in SUS316... 311
Fig. 2-1-48. Decomposition voItage of UO₂ in FLINAK at 1000K 312
Fig. 2-1-49. Concentration of uranium in liquid melt with... 319
Fig. 2-1-50. Concentration of uranium in liquid melt with... 322
Fig. 2-1-51. Cross sectional view of crucible 325
Fig. 2-2-1. Propsed process for Purification of... 332
Fig. 2-2-2. Standard free energy change for decomposition... 342
Fig. 2-2-3. Standard heat change of reaction as a function... 346
Fig. 2-2-4. Equilibrium constant as a function of temperature... 349
Fig. 2-2-5. The standard Gibbs energy change of reaction as a... 350
Fig. 2-2-6. The model of unreacted core for spherical particle... 352
Fig. 2-2-7. Schematic diagram for the chlorination of uranium... 359
Fig. 2-2-8. Flow chart for UCl₄ production experiment. 361
Fig. 2-2-9. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilization of... 369
Fig. 2-2-10. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilzation... 370
Fig. 2-2-11. X-ray diffraction patterns of uranium chlorides. 371
Fig. 2-2-12. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilization... 375
Fig. 2-2-13. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilization... 376
Fig. 2-2-14. Progress of reaction of a single spherical... 379
Fig. 2-2-15. Conversion and volatilization according to... 381
Fig. 2-2-16. Conversion and volatilization according to... 382
Fig. 2-2-17. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilization... 384
Fig. 2-2-18. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatilization... 387
Fig. 2-2-19. Conversion of UO₂ to UCl₄ and volatiliation... 389