Museums serve as significant cultural institutions, responsible for collecting and preserving cultural artifacts, conducting research and scholarly activities, and organizing exhibitions and educational programs. In recent years, museum exhibition design has been embracing a more diverse approach, emphasizing regional uniqueness and collective memory. This shift departs from the traditional method of simply showcasing collections and instead focuses on a narrative approach tailored to individual museum visitors. This evolving trend directs attention to immersive and narrative techniques for engaging the audience, liberating museum exhibition design from the constraints of artifacts. As a result, the art of spatial storytelling has gained prominence as an intriguing research field. This study introduces Freytag's Pyramid theory, rooted in literary narrative, and incorporates it into the narrative structure of historical museum exhibitions. It introduces a narrative-oriented spatial analysis and design method customized for museum exhibition spaces. The research is conducted through two sequential phases of observational studies: site observations and visitor behavioral analysis. By combining the narrative structure of museum exhibition spaces with observations of visitor behavior, the effectiveness of integrating Freytag's Pyramid theory into the context of museum exhibitions is substantiated. This method significantly contributes to enhancing the depth of visitor experiences. Grounded in observed visitor behaviors, a set of recommendations for optimizing museum exhibition design is proposed, aiming to complement the existing research framework for museum exhibition design. Furthermore, the insights provided offer new directions for the future development of museum exhibition design.