This study focused on the activities of patients with Hansen's disease and non-patient Koreans representing them during the Japanese colonial period, and examined the situation in which such patients asserted their right to life within the structural framework of colonial medicine. In particular, the specifics of Hansen’s disease (HD) control policy during the Japanese colonial period were determined through newspapers (Korean and Japanese) published in Korea. In addition, the district commissioners (方面委員) system applied by Imperial Japan and the activities of non-patient representatives representing the demands of leprosy patients were examined. An attempt was made to investigate the process by which the achievements of these activities were degenerated again by the colonial rulers. Based on these, this study went beyond the unilinear understanding that the events related to HD control projects had occurred in the following order: Japanese colonial rule of Joseon, treating leprosy patients as a social problem, establishing the Korean Leprosy Prevention Association, and expanding of Sorokdo-Koseien. By grasping the details of the modern Korean HD control policy, the Koreans who led their lives as the object and subject of the policy were considered.この研究は日帝強占期のハンセン人とこの人達を代表する非患者韓国人の活動に注目し、植民地医学という枠組みの中で患者としての生の権利を主張して行った状況を調べている。特に、韓国で刊行されていた新聞(韓国語及び日本語)を通じて、日帝強占期のハンセン政策の具体像を把握する。そして日本によって実施された「方面委員」制度と患者の要求を代弁する非患者代表の活動を考察し、これらの活動の成果が日本によって再び変質していく過程を把握する。これを通じてこれまでの韓国ハンセン事業研究が「日帝の植民地朝鮮統治→社会的問題として朝鮮ハンセン人処理→朝鮮癩予防協会の成立→小鹿島更生園の収容拡大」という形で、断線的に解釈されてきた限界を越え、近代韓国ハンセン政策の細部を把握し、ハンセン政策において客体でありながら主体として活動した韓国人の姿を考察する。