Teacher education programs must provide opportunities for student teachers to explore their teaching aptitude early in the program and help them to strengthen their areas of weaknesses to prepare them for the realities of teaching. This study employed the cognitive diagnostic assessment framework, which is known to be effective in providing profiles of multidimensional and inter-related attributes, such as the teaching aptitude. The attribute mastery profiles of 1,111 participants from 6 South Korean universities were examined so that inferences could be made about the predominant attributes for the preservice teachers enrolled in university-based teacher credential programs in South Korea. Overall, the results indicated high mastery probabilities for the attributes “dedication to teaching profession” and “caring personality with community building skills” and low mastery probabilities for “emotional stability.” The results also varied across gender and level of education. The results demonstrated that the method adopted provides more fine-grained and useful insights than a simple pass/fail testing system.