The purpose of this article is to reconstruct Duke Xiang of Song's contradictory and problematic activities and his historical significance in the context of the international situation through three commentary of Spring and Autumn Annals. For the twenty years before and after the death of Duke Huan of Qi, who was the first Hegemon of the Spring and Autumn Period, a lot of duke had struggled for the hegemony of Chinese League, and Duke Xiang of Song was the first mover. But after the Battle of Hongshui, he eliminated from the competition. Why He failed? In the process of tracing the causes of his failure particular, we can obtain an opportunity to consider the formation of cultural community by considering the status and meaning of “trust信” in operating the system.