본고에서는 『滿文原檔』 太祖朝의 기사에서 나타나는 한어 차용어와 인명, 지명을 포함한 외래어의 무권점자 표기 체계, 특히 한어 聲母를 표기하는 방법, 표기 양상과 대응 관계를 검토하였다. 『滿文原檔』에서 나타나는 다양한 한자음 표기를 통하여 당시 한어뿐만 아니라 만주어의 일부 음운 현상도 분석하였다. 나중에 유권점 만문으로 편찬한 『滿文老檔』보다는 『滿文原檔』에서 見組字와 精組字의 구개음화 현상에 대한 흔적을 더 많이 찾을 수 있으며 『滿文原檔』은 한어 구개음화의 발생 시기에 대한 분석에 있어 소중한 자료이다. 한편, 일부 照系字와 精系字의 표기 혼동을 통해 당시 만주인들이 접한 한인들이 사용했던 북방 한어의 특징을 살펴볼 수 있다.
『滿文原檔』에서 나타나는 한자음 표기를 통해서 다른 문헌 자료에서 설명하기 어려운 현상들을 분석할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 일부 端母, 定母, 透母를 J 혹은 C로 표기하는 것을 통해 당시 만주어 고유어에서 이미 찾기 힘든 d, t구개음화의 단서를 찾을 수 있다. 즉, 1632년 유권점 만문 창제 이후에 표기법이 급속도로 굳어졌기 때문에 청대 초기에 편찬된 『滿文原檔』에서 나타나는 만주인들이 귀에 들리는 대로 적지만 일정 규칙을 지켜서 적은 한자음 표기를 통해 당시 한어와 만주어의 음운 특징을 더 자세히 살펴볼 수 있다.This paper aims at analyzing the transliteration of Chinese loan words in Manwen Yuandang which was wirtten with Manchu script without dots and circles(無圈點滿文), including the names of Chinese people and places. By analyzing these Chinese loan words, it can be found that some 見組字([k, kʰ, h]) and 精組字([ts, tsʰ]) were transcribed as J- or C- which indicates the palatalization of 見組字 and 精組字 was happening when Manwen Yuandang was published. However, some of the 照系字 can be found to be transcribed as S- and some of the 精系字 were transcribed as J- or C-, which indicates that the writers of Manwen Yuandang might have been effected by the Chinese people living in the North of Chinese who were using Northeastern Mandarin. In addition, by analyzing the transcription of Chinese loan words, some phonological phenomena that occurred in Manchu can also be observed. For instance, the palatalization of d and t could not be found in written Manchu, but in some Chinese loan words di, ti can be found to be written as JI or CI in Manchu. For instance, ‘鐵嶺’ was transcribed as both TIYELING and CILIN.In addition, by analyzing the transcription of Chinese loan words, some phonological phenomena that occurred in Manchu can also be observed. For instance, the palatalization of d and t could not be found in Manchu, but in some Chinese loan words di, ti can be found to be written as JI or CI in Manchu. For instance, ‘鐵嶺’ was transcribed as both TIYELING and CILIN.In addition, by analyzing the transcription of Chinese loan word, some phonological phenomena that occurred in Manchu can also be observed. For instance, the Chinese loan word ’筆’ is written as fi in Manchu which represents the features of Old Manchu. On the other hand, the palatalization of d and t could not be found in Manchu, but in some Chinese loan words di, ti can be found to be written as JI or CI in Manchu. For instance, ‘鐵嶺’ was transcribed as both TIYELING and CILIN.