I.Introduction=47,48,2
II.Clinical Features=48,49,1
1.Typical Absences=48,49,5
2.Atypical Absence=52,53,1
III.EEG Features=52,53,1
1.Typical Absences=52,53,2
2.Atypical Absence=54,55,1
IV.Epidemiology=54,55,2
V.Pathogenesis=55,56,1
1.Genetic and Aguired Factors=55,56,2
2.Anatomic Abnormalities=56,57,1
3.Anatomic pathways and pathophysiology=56,57,3
VI.Diagnostic Considerations=59,60,1
VII.Differential Diagnosis=59,60,2
VIII.Specific syndromes incorporating absence seizures as an integral feature=60,61,1
1.Childhood Absence Epilepsy(CAE)=60,61,2
2.Juvenile Absences Epilepsy(JAE)=62,63,1
3.Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy(JME)=62,63,2
4.Myoclonic Absence Epilepsy(MAE)=63,64,1
IX.Responses to treatment=63,64,8