Title Page

Contents

Abstract 8

Introduction 9

Research Background 9

Theoretical Background 12

Framing Process, Frame Effects, and Frame Identification 15

The Korean War 28

The United States and the Development of the Korean War 29

Military Coalition and War-Alliance 32

Truce and Armistice 33

Effects and End of the Korean War 33

Korean War Veterans 34

Media Portrayals of War Veterans 36

Digital Media, Reintegration, Public Perception, PTSD, and Employment 41

Impacts of Studies on Media Coverage of Korean War Veterans 49

Research Question 50

Method 51

Theme Extraction 55

Validity and Reliability 56

Results 59

Characteristics of Veterans in the English Language Korean Newspapers 61

Frame Process of News Coverages on Veterans 70

Discussion 98

Key Findings of the Study 118

Conclusion 121

References 127

Appendices 146

Appendix 1. Coding Manual 146

Appendix 2. Acronyms 153

Table 1. Statistics of Korean War veteran's Participation in UN Allied Nations 34

Table 2. Intercoder reliability test result 56

Table 3. Frequency list of Countries in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 63

Table 4. Word Cloud outputs of Countries in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 64

Table 5. Frequency list of Military units in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 66

Table 6. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: Military Unit 67

Table 7. Frequency list of demography in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 69

Table 8. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: Demography 70

Table 9. Frequency list of News Sources in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 71

Table 10. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: News Source 72

Table 11. Frequency list of Quote in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 74

Table 12. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: Quotes 75

Table 13. Frequency List of Exaggeration in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 78

Table 14. Frequency list of Figurative in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 78

Table 15. Frequency list of Sensationalism in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 79

Table 16. Frequency list of Stereotypes in the Two Newspapers 80

Table 17. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: Rhetoric device 80

Table 18. Frequency list of News Themes in the articles of the two English-language Korean Newspapers 83

Table 19. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words For variable: News themes 85

Table 20. Frequency list of News-subtheme in the two English-language Korean Newspapers 89

Table 21. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: News sub-themes 90

Table 22. Frequency list of Thematic adjectives in the articles of the two English Language Korea Newspapers 93

Table 23. Word cloud outputs of Articles' Words for variable: Thematic Adjective 94

Figure 1. Word cloud outputs of the English language Korean newspapers 59

Figure 2. Yearly distribution of two English-language Korean newspapers 62