Title Page

Contents

Abstract English 11

Ⅰ. Introduction 13

Ⅱ. Materials and Methods 16

1. Animal model 16

2. Liver pathology analysis 16

3. Realtime-Polymerase Chain Reaction 17

4. Quant-Seq microarray 17

5. IF analysis 18

6. Strains isolation and culture 19

7. HPLC analysis 19

8. LC-MS analysis 20

Ⅲ. Results 21

1. Consuming S-equol improves liver function and lowers weight. 21

2. S-equol has good effects on liver pathology and NAS. 23

3. Effect of S-equol on fat-related genes at mRna level. 25

4. Changes in genes based on 16-s RNA when S-equol is administered 27

5. S-equol can reduce various inflammatory genes in the Stress Pathway. 29

6. S-equol can regulate genes related to the serotonin pathway in MASLD models. 32

7. Intestinal microorganisms secreting S-equol. 35

Ⅳ. Disccusion 38

Ⅴ. References 43

Abstract Korean 48

Table 1. List of primers used in this study. 17

Figure 1. Consuming S-equol improves liver function and lowers weight. 22

Figure 2. S-equol shows MASLD alleviating effect on liver pathology and NAS Score. 24

Figure 3. S-equol influences synthesis and inflammatory genes at the RNA level. 26

Figure 4. S-equol via 16s RNA sequence is effective in MASLD. 28

Figure 5. S-equol can reduce various inflammatory genes in the Stress Pathway. 31

Figure 6. S-equol can regulate genes related to the serotonin pathway in MASLD models. 34

Figure 7. Intestinal microorganisms secreting S-equol. 37

Supplymentary Figure 1. Changes in serotonin receptors and serotonin synthesis factors when administered S-equol. 50

Supplymentary Figure 2. We conducted an experiment to see if intestinal microorganisms can produce S-equol. 51

Supplymentary Figure 3. This is an experiment to determine whether S-equol is involved in the insulin pathway. 52