Title Page
ABSTRACT
국문 초록
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Contents
NOMENCLATURE 23
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 24
1.1. Research Background 25
1.1.1. Climate Change and Urban Flooding 25
1.1.2. Need for Urban Stormwater Management 27
1.1.3. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) in Urban Flood Management 29
1.2. Necessity of the Research 30
1.3. Significance of the Research 31
1.4. Research Objectives 32
1.4.1. Purpose of the Research 32
1.4.2. Specific Research Objectives 33
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 34
2.1. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) for Flood Management 34
2.1.1. Theoretical Foundations of NBS 34
2.1.2. Key Characteristics of NBS 34
2.1.3. Practical Applications and Case Studies 35
2.1.4. Challenges and Opportunities 35
2.1.5. Integration of NBS into Urban Planning 35
2.2. Resilience in Flood Management 36
2.2.1. Conceptual Foundations of Flood Resilience 36
2.2.2. Theoretical Frameworks in Flood Resilience: The 4Rs Concept 37
2.2.3. Integration of NBS and the 4Rs Framework 39
2.2.4. Dimensions of Resilience in Flood-Prone Areas 39
2.2.5. Challenges in Resilience Approaches 40
2.2.6. Community Engagement and Governance in Flood Resilience 41
2.2.7. Gaps in Current Flood Resilience Research 41
2.3. Green Infrastructure (GI) 43
2.3.1. Role of GI in Flood Management 43
2.3.2. Challenges and Considerations 43
2.3.3. Integration with Urban Planning 44
2.3. Co-Benefits of Green Infrastructure 44
2.4. Interlinking Green Infrastructure, Co-Benefits, and Socioeconomic Vulnerability 46
2.5. Stormwater Management 48
2.6. Green Stormwater Infrastructure 49
2.7. EPA's Stormwater Management Model (EPA's SWMM) 49
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 52
3.1. Study Site 52
3.2. Research Steps 54
3.2.1. Research methodology 1: Selection of GI Controls 56
3.2.2. Research Methodology 2: Simulation Model 61
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 67
4.1. Results of Research Methodology 1: Selection of GI 67
4.1.1. Demographic Attributes of the Survey Respondents 67
4.1.2. Respondents Perceptions on Gangnam Flood 68
4.1.3. Prioritization of GI Co-benefits based on Anticipated Performance 70
4.1.4. Scenario Selection based on GI Co-benefits 75
4.1.5. Location Sites of the GI Scenarios 78
4.2. Results of Research Methodology 2: Simulation Model 79
4.2.1. Contributing Factors of Flood Vulnerability in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 79
4.2.2. Flood Vulnerable Areas in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 82
4.2.3. Performance Analysis of GI Scenarios using SWMM 84
4.2.4. Comparative Evaluation of GI Scenarios 88
4.2.5. GI Scenario's Contribution to the 4Rs of Resiliency 89
4.3. Discussion 92
4.3.1. Flood Vulnerability in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 92
4.3.2. Flood Vulnerable Areas in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 93
4.3.3. Performance Analysis of GI Scenarios using SWMM 94
4.3.4. Comparative Evaluation of GI Scenarios 94
4.3.5. GI Scenario's Contribution to the 4Rs of Resiliency 95
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 97
5.1. Summary 97
5.2. Implications for Urban Flood Resilience 97
5.3. Recommendations for Policy and Planning 98
5.3.1. Integrating Participatory Methodologies 98
5.3.2. Leveraging Multifunctionality for Sustainable Development 99
5.3.3. Aligning Policy Initiatives with Co-Benefits 100
5.4. Limitations and Future Directions of Current Research 101
5.4.1. Generalizability to Other Urban Areas 101
5.4.2. Model Simplifications and Accuracy 101
5.4.3. Soil Characteristics and Infiltration Rates 101
5.4.4. Climate Variability and Adaptability 102
5.4.5. Validation Constraints and Alternative Methods 102
5.5. Concluding Remarks 102
REFERENCES 104
APPENDIX 115
Table 3.1. Summary of the survey structure 57
Table 3.2. Cronbach's α (alpha) test of reliability of the online questionnaire survey 58
Table 3.3. Mean scored of perceived GI co-benefit's performance and importance. 59
Table 3.4. Subcatchment's parameters of the base model 64
Table 3.5. Parameters for simulation model 65
Table 4.1. Demographic profile of the survey respondents 67
Table 4.2. Mean ranking of different variables in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 69
Table 4.3. Various damage aspects in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) 69
Table 4.4. Community perceived fuzzy weight rankings GI co-benefits in Yeoksam- dong (Gangnam) area 74
Table 4.5. GI impact indicators 76
Table 4.6. GI Planning Scenarios 77
Table 4.7. Potential sites for GI placement in the Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 78
Table 4.8. Surface runoff, final storage, and infiltration comparison 86
Table 4.9. External outflow and flooding loss comparison 86
Table 4.10. Continuity error comparison 87
Table 4.11. Flood-adaptive green infrastructure planning strategy based on the 4Rs of resilience. 90
Figure 1.1. Conceptual Diagram of Research Purpose and Objectives 32
Figure 2.1. Theoretical notions of the 4Rs of resilience: robustness, redundancy, rapidity, and resourcefulness 36
Figure 2.2. Connection between green infrastructure for flood risk reduction, ecosystem services, socioeconomic vulnerability, and co-benefits 47
Figure 3.1. Seoul Flood Map 52
Figure 3.2. Gangnam district flood on August 8, 2022 53
Figure 3.3. Study site location of Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 54
Figure 3.4. Research Flowchart 55
Figure 3.5. Research concept 56
Figure 3.6. Subsequent research steps of the simulation model methodology 62
Figure 3.7. Yeoksam-dong's (Gangnam) drainage subcatchments on SWMM 5.2 software 63
Figure 3.8. Time series plot for SWMM simulation 65
Figure 4.1. Selected GI Co-benefits classification in three sustainability dimensions 70
Figure 4.2. Resident's perceived IPA chart for GI co-benefits in Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 73
Figure 4.3. Landuse map of the Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 79
Figure 4.4. Contour map of the Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 80
Figure 4.5. Drainage network map of the Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 80
Figure 4.6. The Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) drainage grade map 81
Figure 4.7. Landuse zones of bad drainage area of the Yeoksam-dong (Gangnam) area 83
Figure 4.8. Comparison of LID scenarios in five parameters 89