Title Page
Contents
Abstract 7
Ⅰ. Introduction 9
Ⅱ. Materials and Methods 10
1) Five thyroid cell lines 10
2) Cell culture under simulated ground-based microgravity and normal gravity 11
3) Cell morphology and cell count 11
4) RNA extraction and cDNA microarray 12
5) Differentially expressed genes analysis 13
6) Functional Annotation analysis 14
7) Transwell migration and invasion assay 14
8) Ethical statement 15
Ⅲ. Results 15
1) Cell morphology and count 15
2) Differentially expressed genes analysis and Functional Annotation analysis 16
3) Transwell migration and invasion assay 17
Ⅳ. Discussion 18
Ⅴ. Limitations 23
Ⅵ. Conclusion 23
Ⅸ. References 78
Table 1. Comparative analysis of differentially expressed genes in thyroid associated cells cultured under simulated microgravity and normal gravity conditions. 47
Table 2. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in five cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions. 56
Table 3. Common enriched pathways gene sets enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in five thyroid-related cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions. 75
Fig. 1. Schematic overview of the study flow. 25
Fig. 2. Clinostat, the microgravity simulator. 26
Fig. 3. Observation of the morphologic appearance at 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 120 hours after culturing five thyroid-related cells in both normal gravity and... 27
Fig. 4. Multicellular spheroid formation of SNU-790 and SNU-80 under Microgravity. 30
Fig. 5. Comparison of cell counts for five different thyroid-related cell types after a 5-day culture period in both microgravity and normal gravity conditions. 31
Fig. 6. Number of differentially expressed genes in five thyroid-related cell lines cultured under microgravity compared to normal gravity and hierarchical clustering analysis. 34
Fig. 7. Top Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes in five thyroid-related cells cultured under simulated... 35
Fig. 8. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in five thyroid-related cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions.[원문불량;p.35] 38
Fig. 9. Gene sets enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in five thyroid-related cells cultured under simulated microgravity conditions. 42
Fig. 10. Transwell Migration and Invasion Assay. 43