Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
List of Abbreviations 14
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 16
1.1. Purpose of the Study 18
1.2. Research Questions 20
1.3. Scope and Methodology 21
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 23
2.1. Governance 24
2.2. Public Values and Governance Values 27
2.3. Environmental Governance 36
2.4. Environmental Policy 39
2.5. Environmental Sustainability 42
CHAPTER 3. HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT 46
3.1. Good Governance to sustainable environmental development 46
3.1.1. Accountability to sustainable environmental development 47
3.1.2. Transparency to sustainable environmental development 49
3.1.3. Rule of Law to sustainable environmental development 51
3.1.4. Responsiveness to sustainable environmental development 52
3.1.5. Effectiveness to sustainable environmental development 54
3.1.6. Legitimacy to sustainable environmental development 55
3.2. Good Governance to Green Technological Innovation 57
3.2.1. Accountability to Green Technological Innovation 59
3.2.2. Transparency to Green Technological Innovation 61
3.2.3. Rule of Law to Green Technological Innovation 63
3.2.4. Responsiveness to Green Technological Innovation 65
3.2.5. Effectiveness to Green Technological Innovation 66
3.2.6. Legitimacy to Green Technological Innovation 68
3.3. Green Technological Innovation to sustainable environmental development 69
3.4. Mediating Role of Green Technological Innovation 71
3.5. Environmental Policy Enforcement 73
3.5.1. Literature and Theories 73
3.5.2. Moderating Role of Policy Enforcement 75
CHAPTER 4. RESEARCH DESIGN 82
4.1. Analysis Model 82
4.2. Sampling 84
4.2.1. Data Collection by the World Bank 85
4.2.2. Analysis 87
4.3. Measurement and Operationalization 92
4.3.1. Sustainable Environmental Development (SED) 92
4.3.2. Good Governance 93
4.3.3. Accountability 93
4.3.4. Transparency 94
4.3.5. Rule of Law 94
4.3.6. Responsiveness 95
4.3.7. Effectiveness 95
4.3.8. Legitimacy 95
4.3.9. Green Technological Innovation (GTI) 96
4.3.10. Environmental Policy Enforcement (EPE) 96
4.3.11. Control Variables 97
4.4. Reliability and Validity 99
CHAPTER 5. RESULTS 103
5.1. Correlation Analysis Findings 103
5.2. Structural Equation Modeling Findings 107
5.2.1. Direct Effects 107
5.2.2. Indirect Mediating Effects 115
5.2.3. Indirect Moderating Effects 120
5.2.4. Control Variables 121
CHAPTER 6. DISCUSSIONS 128
6.1. Implications 131
6.1.1. Theoretical Implications 131
6.1.2. Policy Implications 132
CHAPTER 7. CONCLUSIONS 136
7.1. Limitations and Future Research 137
Reference 139
Appendices 176
Appendix 1. World Governance Indicators (WGI) Data Sources 176
Appendix 2. Governance and CO2 Emission Estimates for the WDI, 1996-2022 178
Table 1. Summary of Hypotheses 79
Table 2. Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), Env. Policy Enforcement, and GDP Growth Percentiles 92
Table 3. The Definitions of Variables 101
Table 4. Descriptives Statistics of Variables 104
Table 5. Correlation Analysis Outcomes 113
Table 6. Path Coefficients (Mean, STDEV, T Values, and P Values) 114
Table 7. Hayes Process Model for Mediating Analysis 124
Table 8. Bootstrapping Results for Specific Indirect Results 125
Table 9. Summary of Study Findings 126
Figure 1. Key Indicators of governance as a Theoretical Construct 30
Figure 2. Framework of the Components, Attributes, and Objectives of Environmental Good Governance - Adapted from Bennett & Satterfield (2018) 38
Figure 3. Theoretical Framework 44
Figure 4. Step-by-step data collection and presentation process 85
Figure 5. Asian countries included in this study 87
Figure 6. Structural Equational Modeling Analysis 108
Figure 7. Structural Equational Modeling Analysis for Direct Relationships 116