Recent advancements in space exploration and research have progressed beyond mere exploration to focus on enabling long-term habitation in space environments. However, one of the significant constraints in extraterrestrial environments is the need for more technology to produce essential resources like fuel independently. In this regard, research is conducted on In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) technologies, which involve extracting and utilizing resources from extraterrestrial environments. A key component of long-term space exploration plans is to use the lunar, the nearest celestial body to the earth, as a waystation. It is crucial to extract resources from lunar soil to produce supplies for exploration. Water is identified as a primary component that can be utilized from lunar soil. Recent predictions suggest that significant amounts of water could exist on the lunar surface, particularly in permanently shadowed regions.
Consequently, methods of water extraction based on physical and thermal energy are gaining attention. Water on the lunar could be used for human consumption and also be split into hydrogen and oxygen for use as breathing air or propellant fuel. This research analyzed previous studies on a lunar environment water extraction system. It analyzes the components of such a system, measures soil strength, and experimentally derives the excavating performance of different drill mechanisms to propose a primary design method for an effective drill system. Recognizing the characteristics of lunar soil, which is predicted to be stronger than concrete, the study explores the structural design of a rotary-hammer mechanism-based water extraction drill, various surface heating methods to reduce soil strength, and designs for water extraction systems and storage condensation systems. The study aims to provide a clear development direction for ISRU water extraction systems by systematizing these design methods. It expects to contribute to future standardization, allowing for clear comparison, evaluation, and identification of improvement areas in the system.