Title Page
Contents
Abstract 9
Introduction 11
Experimental Section 14
Result and Discussions 18
Conclusions 43
References 46
Table 1. Mn, Mw, and Ð of PTB7 synthesized with various catalyst and solvent combinations.[이미지참조] 21
Table 2. Mn, Mw, and Ð of PTB7 synthesized by flow system from 3 times of reproducibility test.[이미지참조] 22
Table 3. Mn, Mw, and Ð of PTB7 synthesized for 15 min by using Pd₂(dba)₃/P(o₋tol)₃.[이미지참조] 27
Table 4. Hansen parameters of the solvents and PTB7. 31
Table 5. Maximum concentration of PTB7 and Pd₂(dba)₃ in toluene, chlorobenzene, and o-xylene at room temperature. 32
Table 6. Mn, Mw, and Ð of PTB7 synthesized by batch reactor.[이미지참조] 35
Table 7. Optical and electrochemical properties of PTB7 synthesized by flow system. 40
Table 8. Optical and electrochemical properties of PTB7 of 15.02 kDa and 41.53 kDa. 41
Table 9. Mn, Mw, and Ð of PTB7 synthesized with volume of 0.6 mL, 1.2mL, and 2.4mL by using Pd(PPh₃)₄ and toluene/DMF.[이미지참조] 45
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of flow synthesis system and synthetic route of PTB7. 18
Figure 2. Actual image of the flow system. 18
Figure 3. GPC traces of PTB7 synthesized by using Pd(PPh₃)₄ (a) in a single solvent or (b) in a co-solvent with DMF and by using Pd₂(dba)₃/P(o-tol)₃ (c)... 23
Figure 4. GPC traces of PTB7 synthesized for 10 and 15 min by using Pd₂(dba)₃/P(o-tol)₃ (a) in a toluene/DMF, (b) in a chlorobenzene/DMF, and... 26
Figure 5. Plots of (a) absorption intensity at 400 nm vs concentration of PTB7 solutions and (b) absorption intensity at 528 nm vs concentration of... 31
Figure 6. Absorption spectra of standard solutions of (a) PTB7 and (b) Pd₂(dba)₃, respectively. 32
Figure 7. GPC traces of PTB7 synthesized by batch reactor using Pd(PPh₃)₄ (a) in a toluene/DMF, (b) in a chlorobenzene/DMF, or (c) in a o-xylene/DMF... 35
Figure 8. ¹H-NMR graph of PTB7 (a) synthesized by flow system, and (b) purchased by Sigma Aldrich. 38
Figure 9. UV-vis absorption spectra of solution and film of PTB7 synthesized by flow system. 39
Figure 10. Cyclic voltammogram for PTB7 synthesized by flow system. 39
Figure 11. (a) UV-vis absorption spectra and (b) cyclic voltammogram of PTB7 of 15.02 kDa and 41.53 kDa. 42
Figure 12. GPC traces of PTB7 synthesized with volume of 0.6 mL, 1.2mL, and 2.4mL by using Pd(PPh₃)₄ and toluene/DMF. 44