Currently, plastic debris is a pollutant in all environments, including aquatic, soil, and atmosphere, and is easily contaminated by other pollutants such as organic matter and trace pollutants. The pH affects adsorption conditions by altering the charge states of microplastics and microcontaminants, and also causes competitive adsorption. In addition, microplastics decompose organic matter in the environment, affect carbon circulation, and have toxic effects on organisms. This plays an important role in evaluating the risk of microplastics to organisms from the environment to humans. In this study, adsorption studies on PP, PE, PS, PVC, PET microplastics and carbaryl were investigated. The purpose of this study summarizes the main mechanisms by which MP adsorbs organic pollutants, introduces several mathematical models commonly used to study the adsorption behavior of MP, and kinetics and isothermal adsorption models are commonly used to study the adsorption of organic pollutants to MP. Our results indicated that the commonly observed polyamide particles could serve as carriers of pesticides in aquatic environments. Current studies on the adsorption behavior of MPs have been mainly conducted in the laboratory, and in-depth studies of adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors are limited. Therefore, studies on the adsorption behavior of MPs in the environment are needed, and this study will contribute to a better understanding of this topic.