Title Page
Contents
Abstract 10
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 12
Ⅱ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
2.1. Materials 14
2.2. Isolation and primary culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) 14
2.3. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) staining 15
2.4. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis 15
2.5. Development of a SCI animal model 16
2.6. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 17
2.7. Western blotting 17
2.8. Haematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining 18
2.9. Behavioural test 18
2.10. Immunofluorescence staining 18
2.11. Corticospinal tract (CST) tracing by biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) 19
2.12. Statistical analyses 19
Ⅲ. RESULTS 21
3.1. TDUCA treatment increases the number of M2 macrophages on BMDMs 22
3.2. Transplantation of TUDCA-induced M2 maocrphages inhibits inflammatory cytokines and increases anti-inflammatory cytokine 24
3.3. Transplantation of TUDCA-induced M2 macrophages inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway 26
3.4. Transplantation of TUDCA-induced M2 macrophages enhances tissue repair and improves motor function after SCI 28
3.5. Transplantation of TUDCA-induced M2 macrophages inhibits GFAP and increases the expression of CD206 31
3.6. Transplantation of TUDCA-induced M2 macrophages increases CST axons past the lesion 36
Ⅳ. DISCUSSION 41
Ⅴ. CONCLUSION 43
REFERENCES 44
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 49
Figure 1. Schematic procedures of the transplantation therapy of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) -induced M2-phenotype macrophages... 21
Figure 2. Immunocytochemistry staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of bone marrow - derived macrophages (BMDMs) induced with... 23
Figure 3. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). 25
Figure 4. Western blot. 27
Figure 5. Haematoxylin and eosin staining and motor function recovery. 29
Figure 6. Hematoxylin and eosin staining. 30
Figure 7. Immunofluorescence staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and CD206. 33
Figure 8. Immunofluorescence staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and macrophage mannose receptors (Cluster of Differentiation... 35
Figure 9. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) tract tracing of the corticospinal tracts and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) staining. 38
Figure 10. Biotinylated dextran amines (BDA) tract-tracing of the corticospinal tracts and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) staining. 40