Title Page
Contents
Abstract 8
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 10
1.1. Background 10
1.2. Research trends and content 11
1.3. Purpose and scope of this thesis 12
Ⅱ. TEST PLAN 14
2.1. Materials used 14
2.1.1. Cement 15
2.1.2. AE Water reducing agent 16
2.1.3. Water 17
2.1.4. Aggregate 17
2.2. Test method 18
2.2.1. Preparation of specimen 18
2.2.2. Hardened concrete strength test 20
2.3. Preliminary test 22
2.3.1. First preliminary tes 22
2.3.2. Second preliminary test 27
Ⅲ. MAIN TEST AND RESULTS 34
3.1. Compressive strength. 35
3.2. Split tensile strength 37
3.3. Flexural strength 41
3.4. Comparison of compressive strength of three types of concrete and ACI estimation formula. 42
3.5. The relationship between the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of the three types of concrete 49
3.6. The relationship between the compressive strength and the flexural strength of the three types of concrete. 50
3.7. Economic Comparison 51
Ⅳ. CONCLUSION 53
REFERENCES 57
Table 2.1. Physical performance and chemical components of cement 15
Table 2.2. Properties of high performance AE water-reducing agent 16
Table 2.3. Physical properties of aggregate 17
Table 2.4. Physical properties of concrete capping material. 19
Table 2.5. Mix proportion of concrete for first preliminary test. 23
Table 2.6. Compressive strength of first preliminary test. 24
Table 2.7. Mix proportion of concrete for second preliminary test 29
Table 2.8. Compressive strength of second preliminary test. 30
Table 3.1. Mix proportion of concrete for main test. 34
Table 3.2. Compressive strength of the three types of concrete. 35
Table 3.3. Splitting tensile strength of the three types of concrete 38
Table 3.4. Flexural strength of the three types of concrete 40
Table 3.5. Compressive strength by ACI estimation formula. 44
Table 3.6. Compressive strength by ACI 44
Table 3.7. Concrete manufacturing cost per unit volume 52
Fig. 2.1. Capping work for concrete test. 19
Fig. 2.2. Compressive strength of Type-A 25
Fig. 2.3. Compressive strength of Type-B 25
Fig. 2.4. Compressive strength of Type-C 26
Fig. 2.5. Compressive strength of Type-D 26
Fig. 2.6. Compressive strength of first preliminary test. 27
Fig. 2.7. Compressive strength of type-E, type-F, type-G and type-H. 32
Fig. 2.8. Compressive strength of Type-I and Type-J 33
Fig. 2.9. Compressive strength of Type-K and Type-L 33
Fig. 3.1. Compressive strength of the three types of concrete 36
Fig. 3.2. Splitting tensile strength of the three types of concrete. 38
Fig. 3.3. Flexural strength of the three types of concrete 40
Fig. 3.4. Comparison of ordinary cement theoretical compressive strength of BFC and ACI criteria. 45
Fig. 3.5. Comparison of early strength cement theoretical compressive strength of EPC and ACI criteria. 46
Fig. 3.6. Comparison of the measured compressive strength of MBE and the theoretical compressive strength of the ACI standard criteria. 47
Fig. 3.7. Relationship between the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength 48
Fig. 3.8. Relationship between compressive strength and flexural strength. 50