Title Page
국문요약
Contents
Abstract 9
Introduction 11
Methods 13
Subjects and experiment preparation 13
Interventions to induce hemodynamic changes 13
Signal acquisition, processing, and analysis 13
Statistical analysis 14
Results 16
Hemodynamic and heart sound changes between pre- and post-intervention 16
Correlation between hemodynamic changes and changes in heart sound indexes 16
Discussion 18
Conclusion 21
References 22
Table 1. Changes in hemodynamic and heart sound indexes by administration 25
Table 2. Changes in hemodynamic and heart sound indexes by IVC clamping 26
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the esophageal stethoscope system and heart sound signal processing process. ECG, electrocardiography; ADC, analog-to-digital converter; ABP, arterial... 27
Figure 2. Representative plot of changes in hemodynamic status and heart sounds by dobutamine administration. ABP, arterial blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; dP/dtₘₐₓ, peak rate... 28
Figure 3. Correlations between dobutamine-induced changes in hemodynamic status and heart sound index. S1amp, amplitude of the first heart sound; S2amp, amplitude of the second heart... 29
Figure 4. Representative plot of changes in hemodynamic status and heart sounds by esmolol administration. ABP, arterial blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; dP/dtₘₐₓ, peak rate of rise of... 30
Figure 5. Correlations between esmolol-induced changes in hemodynamic status and heart sound index. S1amp, amplitude of the first heart sound; S2amp, amplitude of the second heart... 31
Figure 6. Correlations between phenylephrine-induced changes in hemodynamic status and heart sound index. S1amp, amplitude of the first heart sound; S2amp, amplitude of the second heart... 32
Figure 7. Correlations between nicardipine-induced changes in hemodynamic status and heart sound index. S1amp, amplitude of the first heart sound; S2amp, amplitude of the second heart... 33
Figure 8. Representative plot of changes in hemodynamic status and heart sounds by IVC clamping. IVC, inferior vena cava; ABP, arterial blood pressure; PP, pulse pressure; S1, first heart... 34
Figure 9. Correlations between changes in hemodynamic status due to IVC clamping and heart sound index. S1amp, amplitude of the first heart sound; S2amp, amplitude of the second heart... 35