Title Page
Declaration
Certificate of readiness to be included in library
Abstract
Contents
CHAPTER Ⅰ. Introduction 17
1.1. Background and purpose of the study 17
CHAPTER Ⅱ. Overview and context of the research 20
2.1. Gabon: country profile 20
2.1.1. Geographic framework 20
2.1.2. Peoples and cultures 21
2.1.3. Political and economic framework 22
2.2. Education system in Gabon 24
2.2.1. Education system overview 24
2.2.2. Challenges of the Gabonese education system 25
2.2.3. Challenges of higher education in Gabon 26
2.3. ICT developments in Gabon 28
2.3.1. e-Government development 28
2.3.2. Online services in Gabon 31
2.3.3. Current status of ICT infrastructures 32
2.3.4. ICT teaching in higher education 34
2.4. Problem statement and research questions 35
2.5. Research objectives and significance 36
2.5.1. Research objectives 36
2.5.2. Research significance 37
CHAPTER Ⅲ. Literature Review & Research Background 38
3.1. Traditional learning 38
3.2. Introduction to e-learning 39
3.2.1. History and definition of e-learning 39
3.2.2. Benefits of e-learning 40
3.2.3. E-Learning modes of delivery: asynchronous mode, synchronous mode, blended learning, MOOC 42
3.3. Case studies of e-learning 43
3.4. E-learning systems implementation challenges 44
3.5. E-learning systems success factors 45
3.5.1. Perceived usefulness 45
3.5.2. Learning behavioral types and e-learning effectiveness 45
3.5.3. Prior knowledge and e-learning effectiveness 46
3.5.4. Grit concept and e-learning 46
3.6. Business models and business model canvas (BMC) 47
3.6.1. Business models 47
3.6.2. The Business Model Canvas (BMC) 48
3.7. Technology Roadmap (TRM) 50
3.7.1. Types of roadmaps 51
3.7.2. Methods to construct a roadmap 51
3.8. Previous BM-TRM integration works 53
CHAPTER Ⅳ. Research Methodology 55
4.1. Introduction 55
4.2. General research approaches 55
4.2.1. The choice of the Positivism and Interpretivism approaches 57
4.2.2. Deductive approach Vs. Inductive approach 58
4.2.3. Quantitative vs. Qualitative 60
4.2.4. Mono-method research and Cross-sectional time horizon 61
4.3. Schematic view of the research methodology 62
4.4. Overview of Study 1 research methodology 63
4.4.1. Background literature review 63
4.4.2. Research hypothesis and model 64
4.4.3. Sampling and measurement items 65
4.4.4. Exploratory and confirmatory data analysis and results 68
4.4.5. Discussion and Conclusion 70
4.5. Overview of Study 2 research methodology 70
4.5.1. Background literature review 70
4.5.2. Business Model Canvas (MBC) and Technology Roadmap (TRM) for the case study 71
4.5.3. Data analysis and results 72
4.5.4. Discussion and Conclusion 73
4.6. Ethical considerations 73
CHAPTER Ⅴ. Research Methodology of Study I 75
5.1. Research hypotheses and model 75
5.1.1. Research hypotheses 75
5.1.2. Research model 78
5.2. Sampling and measurement items 79
5.2.1. Sampling 79
5.2.2. Measurement items 81
5.3. Data analysis and results 83
5.3.1. Exploratory Factor Analysis 83
5.3.2. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling 85
5.4. Conclusion and Discussion 90
5.4.1. Discussion and managerial implications 90
5.4.2. Limitations and directions for future research 91
CHAPTER Ⅵ. Research Methodology of Study II 93
6.1. Methodology overview: Building Process Integration BMC-TRM 93
6.1.1. Stage 0: Preparatory phase 95
6.1.2. Stage 1: Value proposition identification 96
6.1.3. Stage 2: Market analysis 98
6.1.4. Stage 3: Product analysis 100
6.1.5. Stage 4: Technology analysis 102
6.1.6. Stage 5: TRM link & BMC integration 103
6.2. Results 104
6.3. Conclusion and implications 106
6.4. Future research 107
CHAPTER Ⅶ. Conclusion and Future Research Directions 108
7.1. Research Summary and Conclusion 108
7.2. Research contributions 110
7.3. Limitations and future research 112
References 115
Appendices 124
Appendix A. Abstract in Korean 124
Appendix B. Study 1 questionnaire 126
Appendix C. Study 2 qualitative data collection 132
Appendix D. Issues that the team goes through the building process integration. 133
Table 2.1. Gabon major macro economic indicators. 23
Table 2.2. Gabon economic strengths and weaknesses. 23
Table 2.3. List of universities in Gabon 25
Table 2.4. E-Gov. Indices of Gabon and other countries 30
Table 2.5. Main statistical indicators of ICT development: 2011-2014 (ECPRA) 33
Table 3.1. Differences between online and traditional learning 39
Table 3.2. Elements of the Business Model Canvas (BMC). 49
Table 3.3. Pros and cons of BM and SRM 54
Table 5.1. Sample profile 80
Table 5.2. Measurement items 82
Table 5.3. KMO and Bartlett's Test 83
Table 5.4. Final KMO and Bartlett's Test 84
Table 5.5. Results of exploratory factor analysis 84
Table 5.6. Results of confirmatory factor analysis 86
Table 5.7. Construct reliability and validity assessment 87
Table 5.8. SEM Fit statistics 89
Table 5.9. Results of research model 89
Figure 2.1. Location of Gabon on Africa map 20
Figure 2.2. Gabonese population from 1960 to 2020. 21
Figure 2.3. Gabon e-Government Index Trend. 29
Figure 2.4. Gabon and Kenya e-Government Index Trends. 29
Figure 2.5. Gabon and other countries e-Gov Index Trend. 30
Figure 2.6. E-Gov. Indices of Gabon and other sub region countries 31
Figure 2.7. Online Service gap between Gabon and the other countries in the region 32
Figure 2.8. ICT gap between Gabon and other countries in the region. 33
Figure 3.1. The Business Model Canvas (BMC). 49
Figure 3.2. Generalized technology roadmap architecture. 50
Figure 3.3. A multilayer TRM: market, product and technology analysis 51
Figure 3.4. T-plan: standard process 52
Figure 3.5. Schematic of a linking grid analysis 53
Figure 4.1. Research Onion 56
Figure 4.2. Schematic representation of the research methodological approach 63
Figure 4.3. Population and sampling. 66
Figure 5.1. Research model 79
Figure 5.2. CFA measurement model 85
Figure 5.3. Structural equation model 88
Figure 6.1. Building process integration BMC-TRM. 93
Figure 6.2. Phase 0: Preparatory phase. 96
Figure 6.3. Phase 1: Value proposition identification 97
Figure 6.4. Phase 2: Market Analysis 98
Figure 6.5. Phase 3: Product analysis 101
Figure 6.6. Phase 4: Technology analysis. 102
Figure 6.7. Phase 5: TRM Link & BMC integration. 104
Figure 6.8. BMC for the case study 105
Figure 6.9. Final TRM for the case study 105