Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Introduction 10
Materials and Methods 12
Study design and Animal preparation 12
Animal position and Portal location 12
Surgical procedure 13
Surgical device detailing for each group 16
Outcome measurements 18
Statistical Analysis 18
Results 20
Comparison of animal data throughout the renal surgery 20
Comparison of objective parameters in each surgical step 22
Comparison of subjective parameters in each surgical step 25
Discussion 35
Conclusions 39
References 40
국문요약 43
Table 1. The detailed 10 surgical steps in renal surgery 15
Table 2. Summary of surgical device in each procedure among three groups 17
Table 3. Summary of animals' backgrounds and overall procedures 21
Table 4. Summary of each renal surgery in terms of objective and subjective parameters related to surgery. 38
Figure 1. Illustration of a novel multi degree-of-freedom articulating laparoscopic instrument (ArtiSential) 11
Figure 2. Illustration of animal position and port placement: (A) Straight-shaped group (B) ArtiSential group 13
Figure 3. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in mean operation time (seconds) within each group 23
Figure 4. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in blood loss (ml) within each group 24
Figure 5. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in useability within each group 26
Figure 6. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in accuracy within each group 27
Figure 7. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in hands stress within each group 28
Figure 8. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in wrists stress within each group 29
Figure 9. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in back stress within each group 30
Figure 10. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in neck discomfort within each group 31
Figure 11. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in shoulders discomfort within each group 32
Figure 12. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in elbows discomfort within each group 33
Figure 13. Illustration of a forest plot for difference in legs discomfort within each group 34