Title Page
Contents
Abstract 9
Introduction 11
Methods 11
Results 13
Discussion 15
References 18
Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients with Borrmann type 4 advanced gastric cancer and hypertrophic gastritis 20
Table 2. Endoscopic findings of patients with Borrmann type 4 advanced gastric cancer and hypertrophic gastritis 21
Table 3. Endoscopic ultrasonographic findings of patients with Borrmann type 4 advanced gastric cancer and hypertrophic gastritis 22
Table 4. Diagnostic methods in advanced gastric cancer Borrmann type 4 according to presence of ulceration 23
Table 5. Multivariable logistic analysis of risk factors for Borrmann type 4 advanced gastric cancer 24
Supplementary table 1. Characteristics of patients of thickened gastric folds who ultimately diagnosed by surgery. 25
Figure 1. Endoscopic images of (A) thickened wall in a patient of hypertrophic gastritis, (B) thickened folds in a patient of advanced gastric cancer with Borrmann type 4, (C) case of... 26
Figure 2. Endoscopic ultrasonographic images of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic gastritis (A), advanced gastric cancer with preserved wall layer (B), and with destructed wall... 27
Figure 3. Flowchart of patients with hypertrophied rugae who underwent endoscopic ultrasound. EGD esophagogastroduodenoscopy;... 28
Figure 4. (A) Receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC) for prediction of advanced gastric cancer based on total wall thickness on endoscopic ultrasound between patients with advanced... 29
Supplementary Figure 1. Flowchart of patients diagnosed with hypertrophic gastritis. Endoscopic improvement was defined as improvement of wall thickening at the follow-up endoscopy. 30