표제지
초록
목차
제1장 서론 14
제2장 연구사 17
제3장 솔알락명나방 감각모 동정 및 모니터링 기법 개발 21
1. 서론 21
2. 재료 및 방법 23
2.1. 솔알락명나방 더듬이 감각기 분석 23
2.2. 솔알락명나방 모니터링 기법 개발 24
3. 결과 36
3.1. 솔알락명나방 감각기 구조 36
3.2. 솔알락명나방 정밀 모니터링 기법 개발 46
4. 고찰 56
5. 결론 60
제4장 솔껍질깍지벌레 감각모 동정 및 모니터링 기법 개발 62
1. 서론 62
2. 재료 및 방법 64
2.1. 솔껍질깍지벌레 더듬이 감각기 분석 64
2.2. 솔껍질깍지벌레 성페로몬 합성법 간소화 64
2.3. 야외 유인력 검정 73
2.4. 솔껍질깍지벌레 전국 분포조사 78
3. 결과 82
3.1. 솔껍질깍지벌레 감각기 구조 82
3.2. (6R, 10R/S) matsuone과 racemic matsuone의 분석 92
3.3. 야외 유인력 검정 94
3.4. 솔껍질깍지벌레 전국 분포조사 100
4. 고찰 104
5. 결론 109
참고문헌 111
Appendix 127
Abstract 134
Table 1. Instrument condition for analysis of pheromone extracts and volatiles of Korean pine cone 25
Table 2. List of chemicals used for synthesis of sex pheromone and field attraction test for Dioryctria abietella 27
Table 3. Composition ratio of each sex pheromone component for making lure 34
Table 4. Distribution and length of sensilla on the antennae of male and female Dioryctria abietella 37
Table 5. EI-MS m/z of the 9Z,11E-14:OAc and C25 pentaene from gland extracts and synthetic 46
Table 6. Major chemical composition of Korean pine cone volatiles 48
Table 7. Electroantennogram (EAG) response of male and female Dioryctria abietella to 9Z,11E-14:OAc and C25 pentaene 51
Table 8. Electroantennogram (EAG) response of male and female Dioryctria abietella to Korean pine cone volatiles 52
Table 9. List of chemicals used for synthesis of sex pheromone and field attraction test for Matsucoccus matsumurae 65
Table 10. Gas chromatography condition for analysis of (6R, 10R/S)-matsuone and racemic matsuone 66
Table 11. Gas chromatography mass spectrometery condition for analysis of (6R, 10R/S)-matsuone and racemic matsuone 66
Table 12. Comparison of different models for counting Matsucoccus matsumurae 80
Table 13. Classification of sensilla according to functional characteristic of males and females Matsucoccus matsumurae 83
Table 14. Distribution and length of sensilla on the antennae of male and female Matsucoccus matsumurae 84
Table A1. Geographic information of the eight-side sticky traps 127
Figure 1. Synoptic map for collection of volatiles from Korean pine cone 26
Figure 2. Synthetic scheme of C25 pentaene 28
Figure 3. ¹H-NMR (a) and ¹³C-NMR (b) spectra of C25 pentaene 31
Figure 4. Synoptic map for measuring electroantennogram (EAG) responses of Dioryctria abietella 33
Figure 5. Overview of the general morphology of male (A) and female (B) antennae of Dioryctria abietella. 36
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of sensilla. (A) Böhm's bristles (subtype 1, 2) and (B) sensilla coeloconica (SCo) on the antennae of Dioryctria abietella 38
Figure 7. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sensilla trichodea (subtype 1, 2) on the antennae of Dioryctria abietella. (A ~ C)... 40
Figure 8. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sensilla chaetica (s. chaetica subtype 1, 2 and 3) on the antennae of Dioryctria... 42
Figure 9. Scanning electron micrographs of sensilla styloconica (s. styloconica 1, 2) on the antennae of Dioryctria abietella. (A,C) Shape of two... 43
Figure 10. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sensilla auricillica (s. auricillica 1, s. auricillica 2) on the antennae of Dioryctria... 44
Figure 11. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of sensilla squamiformia (SSq) on the antennae of Dioryctria abietella. CW, cuticular wall. 45
Figure 12. Chromatograms of Dioryctria abietella female pheromone gland extracts (a), ionization spectra of female extract and synthetic... 47
Figure 13. Total ion chromatogram showing that major volatiles from mature Korean pine cone. 1 = α-pinene, 2 = β-myrcene, 3 = 3-carene, 4 = D-limonene, 5... 48
Figure 14. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of adult male (a) and female (b) Dioryctria abietella to 9Z,11E-14:OAc and C25 pentaene. EAG... 50
Figure 15. Mean (±SEM) number of male Dioryctria abietella captured in delta traps baited with different ratios of 9Z,11E-14:OAc and C25 pentaene... 53
Figure 16. Mean (±SEM) number of male Dioryctria abietella captured in delta traps baited with pheromone + (±)-limonene, pheromone + myrcene,... 54
Figure 17. Mean (±SEM) number of male Dioryctria abietella captured in wing, diamond, bucket, and delta traps baited with pheromone in Chuncheon,... 55
Figure 18. Synthetic scheme of (6R,10R/S)-matsuone. a) (EtO)2P(O)CH2CO2Et, NaH, THF, 76%; b) LAH, THF, 78%; c) PBr3,pyridine, 64%; d) TBSCl,... 67
Figure 19. Synthetic scheme of racemic matsuone. (A) Zn, THF, 70℃, 86%; (B) MsCl, triethylamine (TEA), CH2 Cl2 , 0℃, 93%; (C) LDA, THF, -45℃,... 69
Figure 20. Eight-sided sticky trap. Proto type (A) and commercial product (B). 74
Figure 21. The traps installed at heights of 50, 100, and 150 cm... 75
Figure 22. Eight-sided sticky trap with different colors. 77
Figure 23. Eight-sided sticky trap baited with host plant volatiles (blue sachet) 78
Figure 24. Locations where the eight-side sticky traps were installed. 79
Figure 25. The structure of an SSD Mobilent 640 input model. 80
Figure 26. Overview of the general morphology of male and female antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. (A) female (B) male. 82
Figure 27. Scanning electron micrographs of (A) Böhm's bristles (BB) and (B) Intersegmental sensilla (Ins) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. 85
Figure 28. Scanning electron micrographs of grooved aporous trichoid sensilla (GAt) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. 86
Figure 29. Scanning electron micrographs of uniporous pegs (Up) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. Shape (A) and surface structure (B) of Up. 87
Figure 30. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of campaniform (Ca) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. (A) Shape of Ca and (B)... 87
Figure 31. Scanning electron micrographs of multiporous pegs (Mp) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matumurae. Shape of Mp in male (A) and female... 88
Figure 32. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of multiporous trichoid sensilla (Mt) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. Shape... 89
Figure 33. Scanning electron micrographs of smooth aporous tricoid subtype sensilla 1, 2 and 3 (SAt1, SAt2, SAt3) on the antennae of female... 90
Figure 34. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs of knobbed seta sensilla (Ks) on the antennae of Matsucoccus matsumurae. Shape (A) and... 91
Figure 35. (A) Gas chromatogram of (6R,10R/S)-matsuone. (B) Gas chromatogram of racemic matsuone. (C) Mass... 93
Figure 36. Number of adult male Matsucoccus matsumurae caught in eight-sided sticky traps baited with different doses of (6R,10R/S)-matsuone... 95
Figure 37. Effect of trap height on number of adult male Matsucoccus matsumurae caught in eight-sided sticky traps baited with (6R,10R/S)-matsuone (50 μg)... 96
Figure 38. Number of adult male Matsucoccus matsumurae caught in eight-sided sticky traps baited with racemic matsuone and (6R,10R/S)-matsuone... 97
Figure 39. Comparison of attractiveness of Matsucoccus matsumurae according to the colour of eight-sided sticky trap from 4 to 28 April in 2016... 98
Figure 40. Comparison of attractiveness of Matsucoccus matsumurae according to the addition of host volatile components from 2 March to 10... 99
Figure 41. Occurence trend of Matsucoccus matsumurae from February to June in 2022. 101
Figure 42. Peak period of Matsucoccus matsumurae in each region. 102
Figure 43. Average annual temperature in each region (A); first appearance date (B) and peak period (C) of Matsucoccus matsumurae. 103
Figure 44. Comaprison of mornitoring results of Matsucoccus matsumurae in 2021 and 2022. 108