Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Overall Introduction 14
1.1. Background and Motivation 14
1.2. Research Problem Description 19
1.3. Research Objectives and Questions 25
1.4. Research Philosophy and Methodology 27
1.5. Research Contribution 29
1.6. Research Outline 32
Chapter 2. Literature Review 35
2.1. Overview 35
2.2. Generation Universities 36
2.2.1. First-Generation Universities 37
2.2.2. Second-generation Universities 37
2.2.3. Third-Generation Universities 38
2.3. Initiatives of 3GU in Developing Countries 44
2.4. Types and Theories of Leadership 47
2.4.1. Digital Leadership- Transnational Leadership 49
2.4.2. Digital Leadership- Transformational Leadership 50
2.4.3. Digital Leadership- Authentic Leadership 52
2.5. Selected Management and Psychological Theories 54
2.6. Resource-Based View Theory 61
2.7. Knowledge-Based View Theory 62
2.8. Digital Leadership 63
2.9. Organizational Capabilities in HEIs 66
2.9.1. Organizational Learning Capabilities 67
2.9.2. Knowledge Management Capabilities 70
2.9.3. IT Capabilities in HEIs 72
2.10. University Knowledge Creation 74
2.11. Ethiopian HEIs: Case Study 78
Chapter 3. The Role of Digital Leadership and Organizational Capabilities in Transformation of Higher Education Toward 3GU: A Case of Ethiopian HEIs 81
3.1. Introduction 81
3.2. Literature Review 85
3.2.1. Role of Leadership and HEIs 85
3.2.2. Digital Leadership and Digital Transformation 86
3.2.3. Digital Leadership Competency 87
3.2.4. Digitalization Capabilities in HEIs 88
3.2.5. Innovation and Innovation Performance in HEIs 90
3.3. Methodology 104
3.4. Theoretical Development of Research Model 105
3.4.1. Underlying Theories 105
3.4.2. Factors Description 110
3.4.3. Relationships of Variables 114
3.5. Description of Empirical Data 123
3.5.1. Measurement Instrument 123
3.5.2. Data Sample and Procedure 127
3.5.3. Demographic Analysis of Respondents 128
3.6. Model Analysis and Results 132
3.6.1. Descriptive Statistics 132
3.6.2. Measurement Model 134
3.6.3. Structural Model 139
3.6.4. Mediation Analysis 147
3.6.5. Moderation Analysis 149
3.6.6. Comparison of PLS-SEM versus CB-SEM 152
3.7. Discussion 155
3.7.1. The Mediating Role of Digital Leadership on Leadership Styles and Innovation Performance of HEIs 158
3.7.2. The Moderating Effect of Digitalization Capabilities between Digital Leadership and Innovation Performance of HEIs 162
3.7.3. The Moderating Effect of Digitalization Capabilities between Organizational Capabilities and Innovation Performance of HEIs 164
3.8. Implications 166
3.8.1. Theoretical Implications 166
3.8.2. Managerial Implications 168
3.9. Conclusions and Contributions 171
3.10. Limitation of the study 173
Chapter 4. Institutional Collaboration among Ethiopian HEIs for Knowledge Generations: A SNA of Publications with Spatial Dimensions 174
4.1. Introduction 174
4.2. Literature Review 176
4.2.1. Joint Knowledge Creation and Innovation 176
4.2.2. Spatial Dimensions and Institutional Collaborations 179
4.3. Hypothesis Formulation 184
4.3.1. Inra-affiliation Versus Supra-affiliation Institutional Collaborations 184
4.3.2. Impact of spatial Proximity on HEIs Collaborations 188
4.4. Methodology 193
4.4.1. Dataset Preparation 193
4.4.2. Spatial Distances 196
4.4.3. Strategy for Hypothesis Testing 197
4.5. Results 199
4.5.1. Descriptive Results 199
4.5.2. Validation of Hypotheses 203
4.6. Implications 205
4.7. Conclusions 206
Chapter 5. Discussions and Conclusions 209
5.1. Summary 209
5.3. Implications 210
5.3.1. Theoretical Implications 210
5.3.2. Policy Implications 212
5.4. Contributions 213
5.5. Limitations and Future Research 216
Bibliography 218
Appendix 1 252
초록 266
Table 1. Summary of the Characteristics of the Three Generations Universities. 42
Table 2. Determinants of HEIs Innovation Performance 76
Table 3. Summary of related works and research gap 96
Table 4. Demographic characteristics of the sample 128
Table 5. Leadership Characteristics of Sample 129
Table 6. HEIs Leadership Level and Years of Service of Participants 131
Table 7. Factors and Their Descriptive Statistics 133
Table 8. Measurement Model Evaluation Summary 135
Table 9. Discriminant Validity-Heterotrait-Monotrait (HTMT) ratio 138
Table 10. Discriminant Validity (Fornell-Larcker Criterion) 139
Table 11. Inner Collinearity Statistics (Using VIF) 140
Table 12. Hypothesis Testing Results (Note: PT = Path coefficient(β), S.D = Standard Deviation) 142
Table 13. Structural Model-Quality Criteria R^2 and Q^2 145
Table 14. Model Predictive Power Assessment 145
Table 15. Mediation Analysis 147
Table 16. Moderation Analysis 150
Table 17. Hypothesis testing results (CB-SEM) 153
Table 18. Summary of related works and research gap 181
Table 19. Descriptive statistics of Intra-affiliation and Supra-affiliation 202
Figure 1. Research Philosophy- Research Methodology 28
Figure 2. Research design Map 34
Figure 3. The Potentials of Entrepreneurial University Review to Key Strategic Goals 44
Figure 4. Theories and Digital Leadership 65
Figure 5. A model of Innovation capability 74
Figure 6. Configuration of national innovation capability framework and Relationship between Factors Fakhimi and Miremadi 2022 75
Figure 7. The overall steps followed for this study. 104
Figure 8. Proposed Research Model 122
Figure 9. Percentage of Ethiopian HEI respondents 130
Figure 10. Structural Path Analysis Using Bootstrapping-β (t - value) 142
Figure 11. Structural path analysis CB-SEM 152
Figure 12. The construction of a university network based on co-authorship relations in Research. 195
Figure 13. Annual Publications of Ethiopian by Number 199
Figure 14. Annual Publications with their number of citations 200
Figure 15. University and Research Institutes Publication Network of Affiliations of Ethiopia geographic map from 2010-2022 201
Figure 16. Plot of the publication's activities in all Ethiopian HEIs & NRIs, Intra-affiliation vs Supra-affiliation 2010-2022(Created by means of R-Program). 202