Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Glossary of Terms 18
Chapter 1. Introduction 21
1.1. Background and Motivation 21
1.2. Objectives and Scope 24
1.3. Outline of the Study 28
Chapter 2. Literature Review 32
2.1. Theory of Evolution and Its Generality 32
2.1.1. Social Sciences with Evolutionary Approaches 32
2.1.2. Evolutionary Economics 36
2.2. Dynamics of Technological Diversity in Evolutionary Economics 42
2.2.1. Diversity 42
2.2.2. Technological Search 52
2.2.3. Organizational Routines 57
2.3. Approaches for Technological Trajectories 65
2.3.1. Technological Trajectory 65
2.3.2. Evolutionary Phylogenetic Methodology 70
2.4. The Conceptual Framework of Diversity Dynamics in Technology 75
Chapter 3. Industry Review 79
3.1. Rationale for Case Selection: Challenges Facing the Photovoltaics 79
3.2. Introduction of Photovoltaic Technology 81
3.3. Environmental Changes for Photovoltaic Technology 86
Chapter 4. Diversity Dynamics through Evolutionary Phylogenetic Approach 95
4.1. Quantitative Measure of Diversity on Technological Trajectory 95
4.2. Methodology 99
4.2.1. Data 99
4.2.2. Construction of Technology Evolutionary Phylogenetic Tree 101
4.2.3. Operational Definition of Diversity 109
4.3. Evolution and Diversity Dynamics of Photovoltaic Technology 110
4.3.1. Evolutionary Patterns of Photovoltaic Technology 110
4.3.2. Diversity Dynamics by Trajectory in Photovoltaics 127
4.4. Sub-conclusion 137
Chapter 5. Technological Search to the Diversity Dynamics of Technology 141
5.1. Patterns of Technological Search on Evolutionary Approaches 141
5.2. Methodology 144
5.2.1. Data 144
5.2.2. Operational Definition and Modeling of Search 144
5.2.3. Regression Analysis 150
5.3. Technological Search as the Driver of Diversity Dynamics 152
5.3.1. Changes of Search Patterns on Evolutionary Trajectories 152
5.3.2. Relation between Diversity Dynamics and Technological Search 156
5.4. Sub-conclusion 161
Chapter 6. Organizational Routine to the Diversity Dynamics of Technology 164
6.1. Derivation of Organizational Routine by Multi-dimensional Behaviors 164
6.2. Research Framework to Identify Organizational Routines 167
6.2.1. Innovation Routine via Innovation Behaviors: Knowing and Doing 167
6.2.2. Measuring the Willingness for Novelty: Exploration and Exploitation 169
6.2.3. Classification of Innovation Routines 172
6.3. Methodology 176
6.3.1. Data 176
6.3.2. Measuring Innovation Routines for Each Firm 178
6.3.3. Relative Classification of Routines within a Sectoral Regime 187
6.3.4. Regression Analysis 189
6.4. Organizational Routine as a Micro Criteria to Diversity Dynamics 191
6.4.1. Innovation Routines of Photovoltaic Firms 191
6.4.2. Relation between Diversity Dynamics and Organizational Routines 203
6.5. Sub-conclusion 211
Chapter 7. Conclusion 214
7.1. Summary of the Study 214
7.2. Implications and Limitations 220
7.2.1. Practical Implications 220
7.2.2. Suggestions for Photovoltaic Technology 226
7.2.3. Contributions and Limitations 229
Bibliography 233
Appendices 271
Appendix Ⅰ. Robustness Check 271
Appendix Ⅱ. Interaction Result of Regression 279
Abstract (Korean) 283
Table 3-1. Photovoltaic technology classification 82
Table 3-2. Brief description of environmental dynamics for photovoltaic technology 88
Table 4-1. Data search method 100
Table 4-2. Operational definitions for phylogenetic tree for photovoltaic technology 108
Table 4-3. Summary of evolutionary patterns observed in photovoltaic technology 116
Table 4-4. Qualitative comparison for validating evolutionary phylogenetic tree 119
Table 5-1. Definition of variables 151
Table 5-2. Descriptive summary and correlation coefficients for variables 156
Table 5-3. Result of variance inflation factor analysis 157
Table 5-4. Results of the regression 158
Table 6-1. Definition of exploration and exploitation 171
Table 6-2. Top five patent and product for 33 firms 178
Table 6-3. Innovation routines by Knowing and Doing 187
Table 6-4. Level of willingness for novelty of Knowing in 19 firms (p<0.05) 192
Table 6-5. Level of willingness for novelty of Doing in 19 firms 194
Table 6-6. Type of innovation routines for each photovoltaic firm 197
Table 6-7. Result of regression 206
Table 6-8. Result of regression for interactive variables 208
Table A1. Result of regression (Robustness check for Chapter 5) 273
Table A2. Result of regression for interactive variables (Search*Period) 274
Table A3. Results of regression (Robustness check for Chapter 6) 277
Table A4. Results of regression for interactive terms 278
Table A5. Interaction between Active Pioneer and search patterns 279
Table A6. Interaction between Efficient Optimizer and search patterns 280
Table A7. Interaction between Passive Observer and search patterns 281
Table A8. Interaction between Adoptive Adventure and search patterns 282
Figure 1-1. Outline of this study 31
Figure 2-1. Conceptual diagram of organizational routines 64
Figure 2-2. Algorithm flow diagram for an evolutionary phylogenetic Tree 71
Figure 2-3. Conceptual framework of diversity dynamics in technology 78
Figure 3-1. Number of lab-scale best photovoltaic efficiency records 85
Figure 4-1. Uniform and skewed distribution of IPC code in technologies 97
Figure 4-2. Photovoltaic technology phylogenetic tree 110
Figure 4-3. Anatomy of phylogeny 111
Figure 4-4. Evolutionary patterns in period 1: retention 112
Figure 4-5. Evolutionary patterns in period 2: speciation 113
Figure 4-6. Evolutionary patterns in period 3: aggressive speciation 114
Figure 4-7. Evolutionary patterns in period 4: mostly retention 115
Figure 4-8. Number of new keywords in descendant taxa 126
Figure 4-9. The level of diversity of photovoltaic technology (a) Diversity dynamics on phylogenetic tree, (b) Average Diversity of all taxa 129
Figure 4-10. Diversity dynamics for major technological trajectories 130
Figure 4-11. Information from evolutionary phylogenetic tree (a) Proportion of patents per trajectory... 133
Figure 5-1. Search pattern in the phylogenetic tree of technology 145
Figure 5-2. Diversity and search in 1st generation (Root-2018_2 taxon) over time 152
Figure 5-3. Diversity and search in 1st & 2nd generation (Root-2018_1 taxon) over time 153
Figure 5-4. Diversity and search in 3rd generation (Root-2018_3 taxon) over time 155
Figure 5-5. The mechanism of diversity dynamics on technological search 162
Figure 6-1. Identification of innovation routines through behavior 168
Figure 6-2. Classification of innovation routines 173
Figure 6-3. Structure of this study 175
Figure 6-4. Data preprocessing flow and search query for patents 177
Figure 6-5. Patent network evolution of SunPower 180
Figure 6-6. Probability Mass Function of technological characteristics for all products 185
Figure 6-7. Attachment Rate (log scale)-Degree (log scale) scatter plot 191
Figure 6-8. Average routine changes: Level of exploration for Knowing and Doing 195
Figure 6-9. Innovation routines of each photovoltaic firm 196
Figure 6-10. Annual innovation routine of each selected firm 199
Figure 6-11. Routine contour of each firm by type 201
Figure 6-12. Type of innovation routines on evolutionary phylogenetic tree 204
Figure 7-1. Endogenous dynamic of technological diversity in terms of technological search and organizational routines 220