Title Page
ABSTRACT
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 22
1.1. Research Background 22
1.2. Problem Statement 24
1.3. Research Objectives and Scope 27
1.4. Dissertation Outline 30
Chapter 2. Theoretical Background and Related Works 33
2.1. Construction Noise Characteristics 33
2.2. Current Noise Monitoring System 35
2.3. Related Works 37
2.3.1. Sensor-Based Monitoring System 37
2.3.2. Construction Noise Prediction 41
2.4. Summary 45
Chapter 3. Sensing Module Development 47
3.1. Production of Preliminary Prototype 47
3.2. Design of Sensing Module 52
3.2.1. Hardware Components and Design 52
3.2.2. Database 61
3.3. Results of Sensing Module Development 63
3.3.1. Hardware Device 63
3.3.2. Database 67
3.3.3. Performance Evaluation 70
3.4. Summary 72
Chapter 4. Construction Noise Estimation 74
4.1. Data Collection 74
4.1.1. Field Data 74
4.1.2. Noise Data 76
4.2. Noise Estimation inside Construction Site 77
4.2.1. Field Constraints Identification 77
4.2.2. Spatial Interpolation Model Development 80
4.2.3. Experimental Results and Analysis 87
4.3. Noise Estimation in Nearby Regions 92
4.3.1. Obstacle Modeling 92
4.3.2. Noise Source Modeling 94
4.3.3. Noise Propagation Model Development 96
4.3.4. Experimental Results and Analysis 102
4.4. Summary 109
Chapter 5. Case Study 110
5.1. Target Site Selection 110
5.2. Experimental Design 115
5.3. Summary 120
Chapter 6. Experimental Results and Discussions 121
6.1. Field Applicability Validation of Sensing Module 121
6.2. Performance Evaluation of Noise Estimation Model 125
6.2.1. Building Construction Site 125
6.2.2. Road Construction Site 133
6.2.3. Bridge Construction Site 139
6.3. Industrial Applications 146
6.3.1. Extended Real-Time Noise Monitoring and Mitigation Measure Establishment 146
6.3.2. Noise Visualization UI Module 155
6.4. Summary 160
Chapter 7. Conclusions 162
7.1. Summary and Contributions 162
7.2. Improvement Opportunities and Future Research 169
Bibliography 171
국문 초록 182
Table 3.1. Description of prototype components 48
Table 3.2. Description of sensing module components 52
Table 3.3. Verification results of selected noise sensor 58
Table 3.4. Technical advantages of the developed hardware device compared to traditional measurement devices 65
Table 3.5. Sensing module accuracy in measuring environmental pollutants 70
Table 4.1. Field constraints to consider when installing sensors 78
Table 4.2. Personal details of interviewees 79
Table 4.3. System components of the noise source 83
Table 4.4. Performance evaluation results (one noise source) 89
Table 4.5. Performance evaluation results (two noise sources) 91
Table 4.6. Performance evaluation results of the noise source modeling 104
Table 4.7. Performance evaluation results of the noise estimation in the nearby region 105
Table 5.1. Characteristics of the selected construction sites 111
Table 6.1. Performance evaluation results of the noise estimation model - building construction site (2023.02.07 ~ 2023.02.08) 126
Table 6.2. Performance evaluation results of the noise estimation model - building construction site (2023.02.09) 130
Table 6.3. Performance evaluation results of the noise estimation model - road construction site 135
Table 6.4. Performance evaluation results of the noise estimation model - bridge construction site 142
Table 6.5. Average noise level and contribution of each noise source for two representative locations 150
Table 6.6. Change in construction noise at two locations after applying hypothetical mitigation measures 151
Table 6.7. Performance comparison according to the point cloud resolution 153
Figure 1.1. Research framework 28
Figure 3.1. PCB design of the prototype 49
Figure 3.2. Preliminary prototyping result based on PCB design 50
Figure 3.3. Semi-anechoic chamber for performance verification 55
Figure 3.4. Experimental setting 57
Figure 3.5. Hardware design of the sensing module 59
Figure 3.6. PCB design of the sensing module 60
Figure 3.7. Sensing module hardware 63
Figure 3.8. Final device with packaging 64
Figure 3.9. Implemented MongoDB-based NoSQL database 67
Figure 3.10. Section for storing data collected from the sensing module 68
Figure 3.11. Section for storing results analyzed through the environmental pollution estimation model 69
Figure 4.1. Example of UAV image-based 3D model 75
Figure 4.2. Example of noise estimation based on spatial interpolation 80
Figure 4.3. Experimental design for the performance evaluation 84
Figure 4.4. Sensor placement combination showing the optimal performance (one noise source) 89
Figure 4.5. Sensor placement combination showing the optimal performance (two noise sources) 91
Figure 4.6. Method for setting up representative obstacles 93
Figure 4.7. Method for noise source modeling 95
Figure 4.8. Experimental site information 100
Figure 4.9. Sensor placement point information 101
Figure 4.10. Results of the directivity modeling of the two noise sources 103
Figure 4.11. Noise estimation results in the nearby region 104
Figure 4.12. Example of incorrect obstacle attenuation reflection due to GPS error 106
Figure 4.13. Example of incorrect obstacle attenuation reflection due to terrain generation error 107
Figure 4.14. Example of incorrect obstacle attenuation reflection due to vehicle presence 108
Figure 5.1. Building construction site layout 112
Figure 5.2. Road construction site layout 113
Figure 5.3. Bridge construction site layout 113
Figure 5.4. Sensing module placement layout - building construction site (2023.02.07 ~ 2023.02.08) 116
Figure 5.5. Sensing module placement layout - building construction site (2023.02.09) 117
Figure 5.6. Sensing module placement layout - road construction site 117
Figure 5.7. Sensing module placement layout - bridge construction site 118
Figure 6.1. Example of sensing module installation in various environments 122
Figure 6.2. Example of equipment mounting of the sensing module 123
Figure 6.3. Location of sensing modules used for noise estimation - building construction site (2023.02.07 ~ 2023.02.08) 126
Figure 6.4. Example of noise mapping results - building construction site (2023.02.07 ~ 2023.02.08) 127
Figure 6.5. Example of how well the model captures noise attenuation from obstacles 128
Figure 6.6. Obstacles in the field area that can cause noise attenuation 129
Figure 6.7. Location of sensing modules used for noise estimation - building construction site (2023.02.09) 129
Figure 6.8. Example of incorrectly generated site fences on 3D terrain 131
Figure 6.9. Example of time series noise mapping results - building construction site (2023.02.09) 132
Figure 6.10. Location of sensing modules used for noise estimation - road construction site 134
Figure 6.11. Example of noise mapping results - road construction site (no moving noise source) 136
Figure 6.12. Noise attenuation factor below and to the right of the noise generating point 136
Figure 6.13. Example of noise mapping results - road construction site (Presence of a moving noise source) 137
Figure 6.14. Case where dramatic noise attenuation did not occur despite the presence of a high hill 138
Figure 6.15. Location of sensing modules used for noise estimation - bridge construction site 140
Figure 6.16. Example of noise mapping results - bridge construction site 142
Figure 6.17. Terrain view of a bridge construction site 143
Figure 6.18. Example of incorrectly modeled sides of vegetation 144
Figure 6.19. Limitation of using international standards and advantage of sensor data-based noise estimation 147
Figure 6.20. Noise violation areas in the bridge construction site and two representative points to identify the major noise source 149
Figure 6.21. Comparison of construction noise mapping before and after mitigation measures 152
Figure 6.22. UI module for noise information visualization 156
Figure 6.23. Several functions of the UI module: (a) highlighting intense noise work area, (b) highlighting noise regulation violation area 158