Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Introduction 6
Subjects and Methods 9
Results 13
Discussion 16
Conclusion 22
Bibliography 41
초록 46
Table 1. Stages of chronic kidney disease by the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guideline 32
Table 2. Baseline characteristics after 1:1 propensity score matching 33
Table 3. Outcomes in the matched cohort, whole baseline chronic kidney disease grade 34
Table 4. Outcomes in the matched cohort, baseline chronic kidney disease grade ≥ 3 35
Table 5. Baseline characteristics before propensity score matching 36
Table 6. Baseline characteristics after 1:5 propensity score matching 37
Table 7. Outcomes in the matched cohort without cardiovascular disease history 38
Table 8. Outcomes in the group of patients with baseline chronic kidney disease grade ≥ 3 in the matched cohort without cardiovascular disease history 39
Table 9. Outcomes in the group of patients with baseline chronic kidney disease grade ≥ 3 in the whole cohort, including a cardiovascular disease history 40
Figure 1. Flow chart of patient selection of the first study. The left side demonstrated surgically-induced chronic kidney disease, and the right demonstrated... 24
Figure 2. The estimated glomerular filtration rate change in each baseline chronic kidney disease (CKD) grade. (a) Baseline CKD grade 1. (b) Baseline CKD grade 2. (c)... 25
Figure 3. Kaplan-Meier analysis between surgically-induced chronic kidney disease and medically-induced chronic kidney disease. Each figure demonstrates the analysis... 26
Figure 4. Probability of a 50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration or need for renal replacement therapy in 5 years. The figure demonstrates multivariable analysis... 27
Figure 5. Forest plots showing hazard ratios obtained by multivariable Cox regression analysis of surgically-induced chronic kidney disease. Hypertension and diabetes had... 28
Figure 6. Kaplan-Meier analysis between surgically- and medically-induced chronic kidney disease. Each figure demonstrates the analysis of (a) end-stage renal disease,... 29
Figure 7. Hazard ratio smoothing plot of (a) end-stage renal disease in medically-induced chronic kidney disease and (b) all-cause mortality. In the hazard ratio... 30