Title Page
Abstract
Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 7
Chapter 2. Theoretical Background 10
2.1. Theoretical Background 10
2.2. Literature Review 14
Chapter 3. Analytical Framework 20
3.1. Research Questions 20
3.2. Research Method and Participants 21
3.3. Data Analysis 24
3.4. Ethical Issue 26
Chapter 4. Context of the DPRK 27
4.1. Market Formation in DPRK 27
4.2. Market system in Ryanggang province 29
Chapter 5. Results of Analysis 32
5.1. Market Activities and Informal Income 32
1) Case A: lower middle class → very top class 32
2) Case B: upper middle class → bottom level class 35
3) Case C: lower middle class → bottom level class 36
5.2. Overview of Social Network and its Usage 38
1) Economic Networks 38
2) Kinship and Friendship Networks 52
3) Community Networks 55
4) Conclusion 57
5.3. Level of Awareness about Social Network 61
1) Level of Awareness of each Cases 61
2) Conclusion 66
5.4. Impacts of Sanctions on Market Activities 68
1) Around 2013 68
2) After 2016 71
Chapter 6. Conclusion 76
6.1. Summary 76
6.2. Implication and Limitation 77
국문초록 80
References 82