Title Page
Contents
List of Abbreviations 10
Abstract 11
Introduction 13
Material and Methods 16
Chemicals 16
Plant material preparation 17
Cell lines and culture 17
Cell viability assay 18
Flow cytometry 18
Protein Extraction and Western blot 19
Animals care and experimental design 20
Measurement of body weight and food intake 21
Plasma collection 21
Histopathological examination 21
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 22
Statistical analysis 22
Results 24
Effect of DLE on Cell viability for HUVECs. 24
Effect of DLE on intracellular ROS production in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. 26
Effects of DLE on vascular cell adhesion factors in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. 29
Effect of DLE on NF-κB pathway activation in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. 33
Effects of DLE on changes in body weight and food intake in high-fat diet mice. 37
Histological and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin expression effects of DLE on aortic atherosclerosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. 39
Effects of DLE on coagulation factors in high-fat diet mouse plasma. 44
Discussion 48
Conclusion 54
국문 초록 55
References 55
Fig. 1. Effects of DLE on Cell viability in HUVECs. 25
Fig. 2. Effect of DLE on intracellular ROS production in TNF-α Stimulated HUVECs. 28
Fig. 3. Effects of DLE on TNF-α induced VCAM-1 production in HUVECs. 30
Fig. 4. Effects of DLE on TNF-α induced ICAM-1 production in HUVECs. 31
Fig. 5. Effects of DLE on TNF-α induced E-selectin production in HUVECs. 32
Fig. 6. Effects of DLE on IKK Pathway Activation in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs. 34
Fig. 7. Effects of DLE on IκBα Pathway Activation in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs. 35
Fig. 8. Effects of DLE on NF-κB Pathway Activation in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs. 36
Fig. 9. Effects of DLE in HFD mice model. 38
Fig. 10. Histological effects of DLE on high-fat diet-induced aortic atherosclerosis. 40
Fig. 11. Effects of DLE on VCAM-1 expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. 41
Fig. 12. Effects of DLE on ICAM-1 expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. 42
Fig. 13. Effects of DLE on E-selectin expression in mice fed a high-fat diet. 43
Fig. 14. Effect of DLE on blood coagulation factors in high-fat diet mouse plasma Fibrinogen. 45
Fig. 15. Effect of DLE on blood coagulation factors in high-fat diet mouse plasma PAI-1 concentration. 46
Fig. 16. Effect of DLE on blood coagulation factors in high-fat diet mouse plasma prothrombin F1+2 concentration. 47