Title Page
Contents
Abbreviation 9
Abstract 13
국문초록 15
Chapter 1. Introduction 17
1.1. Problem Statement 17
1.2. Research Objective 20
Chapter 2. Literature Review 21
2.1. Background 21
2.1.1. Biomass 21
2.1.2. Carbonization 23
2.1.3. Cow manure Biochar 24
2.1.4. Soil Treatment 28
2.1.5. Catalyst 29
Chapter 3. Experimental Method 30
3.1. Materials 30
3.2. Methods 31
3.2.1. Method for Biochar 31
3.2.2. Method for Soil Treatment 33
3.2.3. Method for Catalyst 35
3.3. Analysis 37
3.3.1. Analysis of Biochar 37
3.3.2. Analysis of Soil Treatment 38
3.3.3. Analysis of Catalyst 39
Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 40
4.1. Results of Biochar 40
4.1.1. TGA 40
4.1.2. Calculations of Contents 42
4.1.3. Elemental Analysis 48
4.1.4. Analysis of Heavy Metals 49
4.1.5. Foiirier-transform spectroscopy 50
4.1.4. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) 53
4.1.4. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis 55
4.1.5. Hydrogen Ion Concentration Index Analysis (pH) 58
4.2. Results of Soil Treatment 59
4.2.1. Analysis of Biochar-applied Soil 59
4.2.2. Growth of Salicornia Europaea L. 61
4.2.3. Heavy metal analysis of Salicornia europaea L. 67
4.3. Results of Catalyst 68
4.3.1. TGA 68
4.3.2. SEM 69
4.3.3. BET 70
4.3.4. Founer-transform spectroscopy (FT-IR) 72
4.3.5. X-ray Diffraction 74
Chapter 5. Conclusions 76
References 77
Table 1. Analysis table of average components of Korean cattle biomass. 22
Table 2. Temperature range for manufacturing biochar specified by IPCC. 24
Table 3. Characteristic analysis table of cow manure biochar. 26
Table 4. Basic specifications of graphene oxide. 35
Table 5. Contents of hemicellulose, total loss, and lignin in domestic biomass. 41
Table 6. Elemental analysis of CM, CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 49
Table 7. Heavy Metal analysis of CM, CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 50
Table 8. Functional group analysis of CM, CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 52
Table 9. Surface area and porosity analysis of CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 55
Table 10. Properties analysis of Biochar applied Soil (after 15 weeks). 60
Table 11. Growth average record of Salicornia europaea L. 65
Table 12. Heavy metal analysis of Salicornia europaea L. 67
Table 13. Analysis of specific surface area and pore size. 70
Table 14. Functional group analysis results of CMC, CMGO and GOC. 73
Figure 1. Comparison of carbon storage by photosynthesis and by biochar.[내용없음] 10
Figure 2. The benefits of biochar soil storage. 18
Figure 3. Number of papers with the keyword "biochar" published in the Scopus database (2000-2022). 19
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of the pyrolysis reactor used in this study. 31
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of cow manure biochar. 32
Figure 6. Diagram of the pots and soil used in this study. 33
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of the experiment for growth of Salicornia europaea L. 34
Figure 8. Schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of cow manure biochar catalyst. 36
Figure 9. Pyrolysis curves of CM in TGA. 40
Figure 10. Cow manure weight before and after two batches of the drying process. 43
Figure 11. Crucible weight and ash measurement results. 1) crucible weight, 2) sample and crucible weight, and 3) ash and crucible weight. 45
Figure 12. Yield analysis of biochar with temperature. 47
Figure 13. FT-IR spectra of CM, CMB400 (Green), CMB550 (Blue), and CMB700 (Red). 51
Figure 14. SEM images of (a) CMB400, (b) CMB550, and (c) CMB700. 54
Figure 15. BET analysis of CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 56
Figure 16. Pore size analysis of CMB400, CMB550 and CMB700. 57
Figure 17. pH analysis of CMB400, CMB550, and CMB700. 58
Figure 18. Salicornia Europaea L. grown in pots. 62
Figure 19. Length, samples of salicornia europaea L. according to biochar content. 63
Figure 20. Stem, leaf Thickness of salicornia europaea L. according to biochar content. 64
Figure 21. Pyrolysis curves of CMC, CMGO and GOC in TGA. 68
Figure 22. SEM images of CMC, CMGO and GOC. 69
Figure 23. Distribution of pore size according to CMC, CMGO and GOC. 71
Figure 24. FT-IR spectra of CMC (Black), CMGO(Red) and GOC (Blue). 72
Figure 25. X-ray diffraction analysis of CMC, CMGO, and GOC. 75