Title Page
ABSTRACT
국문 초록
Contents
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 15
CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 20
2.1. Conceptual Metaphor Theory 20
2.1.1. The Great Chain of Being Theory 21
2.1.2. Metaphor and Culture 27
2.2. Impoliteness 32
2.2.1. Impoliteness and Metaphor 39
2.2.2. Computer-Mediated Communication 40
2.3. Metaphor Identification Procedure 42
CHAPTER 3. METHODOLOGY 46
3.1. Collecting Data 46
3.2. Analysis of Data 48
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS 54
4.1. Comprehensive Analysis 54
4.2. Impolite Expressions 57
4.2.1. Results for 2012 57
4.2.2. Results for 2022 67
4.3. Metaphorical Expressions 76
4.3.1. Results for 2012 76
4.3.2. Results for 2022 81
4.4. Comparative Analysis 86
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 90
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 95
REFERENCES 98
Table 1. Metaphors of The Great Chain of Being 23
Table 2. Modified Version of Impoliteness Strategies 37
Table 3. The Number and Percentage of Comments Containing Impoliteness Strategies and Metaphorical Expressions 55
Table 4. The Number and Percentage of Single and Multiple Impoliteness Strategies 56
Table 5. The Number of Instances Including Impoliteness Strategies and Metaphorical Expressions 57
Table 6. The Number and Percentage of Impoliteness Strategy Used in 2012 58
Table 7. The Number of Multiple Impoliteness Strategies in 2012 62
Table 8. The Number and Percentage of Impoliteness Strategies Used in 2022 67
Table 9. The Number of Multiple Impoliteness Strategies in 2022 71
Table 10. The Number and Percentage of Source Domains Used in 2012 77
Table 11. The Number and Percentage of Source Domains Used in 2022 81
Figure 1. The Great Chain of Being 22
Figure 2. Sample Screenshot of Title and Content of a Naver News Article 49
Figure 3. Sample Screenshot of Comments on a Naver News Article 50
Figure 4. Sample Screenshot of Title and Content of a Daum News Article 51
Figure 5. Sample Screenshot of Comments on a Daum News Article 52